Bio Medical Waste Management

Swaroopa Perumalla

1. BIO MEDICAL MANAGEMENT BY A. SWAROOPA MSC(NURSING)

2. DEFINITION: Bio hazardous waste is that waste that is capable of producing an infectious disease in humans and includes at a minimum blood, body fluids, discarded sharps, inoculated culture media, tissues and slides.

3. Bio-Medical Waste , means any waste, which generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human being or animals or in research activities and is governed by the Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998.

4. BIOHAZARDOUSWASTE INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES: Blood and body fluids infectious Sharps waste Laboratory waste Medical sharps Some isolation waste Some animal waste

5. Blood and Body Fluids Includes: 1. Blood/Blood Products Serum, Plasma Other blood components 2. Body Fluids Semen Vaginal secretions Cerebrospinal fluid Pleural fluid Peritoneal fluid

6. 3. Does NOT Include Urine, unless visible blood is present Feces, unless visible blood is present Vomit, unless visible blood is present Pericardial fluid Amniotic fluid Any other body fluid visibly contaminated with blood

7. SOURCES OF HEALTH CARE WASTE: Private hospitals Nursing homes Physician offices, clinics Dental clinics Dispensaries PHC Medical research and training centers Mortuaries Blood banks and collection centers Slaughter houses Vaccine centers Biotechnological and industrial production units

8. GROUP AT RISK: Doctors, nurses, health care auxiliary Hospital maintenances personnel Visitors Laundries waste handling Landfills/ incinerators

9. OVERVIEW OF HEALTHCARE WASTE MANAGEMENT: Sharps: Needles, infusions sets, Scalpels, knives, blades Waste with high heavy metal content: Batteries, broken thermometers, Blood pressure gauges Pathological waste: Body parts, blood & other fluids Chemical waste: Lab reagents, Disinfectants, solvents

10. Infectious waste: Lab Cultures, waste from isolation wards, tissues, etc. Pharmaceutical Waste: Expired or no longer needed pharmaceuticals. Genotoxic waste: Cytotoxic drugs, geno toxic chemical. Pressurized containers: Gas cylinders, Cartridges & aerosol cans.

11. HEALTH HAZARDS OF HOSPITAL WAST PROLIFERATION OF RODENTS BREEDING OF FLIES AND INSECTS AIR POLLUTION LAND POLLUTION WATER POLLUTION TRANSMISSION OF INFECTIONS LIKE HIV, HEPATITIS-B, OTHER MICROBES BAD ODOUR

12. TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES : INCINERATION High temperature and dry oxidation process that reduces organic and combustible waste to inorganic and incombustible matter and results in significant reduction in waste volume and weights

13. ☺ Double-chamber pyro lytic incinerators specially designed to burn infectious health-care waste ☺ Single-chamber furnaces with static grate, used only if pyro lytic incinerators are not affordable ☺ Rotary kilns operating at high temperature, capable of causing decomposition of geno toxic substances and heat-resistant chemicals .

14. 2 . DISINFECTION Chemical disinfection: used for treating liquid waste by adding chemicals. Thermal disinfection: generally used for treating solid waste

15. 3. STERILIZATION Steam sterilization : autoclave used to disinfect waste. Microwave irradiation: (2450 MH3 wave length 12.24 m ) water is heated with waste and then infectious component is destroyed by heat conduction.

16. 4. LANDFILL OR LAND DISPOSAL Open dumps: not recommended . Sanitary landfills: Disposing of certain types of health-care waste (infectious waste and small quantities of pharmaceutical waste) in sanitary landfills is acceptable.

17. 5 . INERTIZATION : Mixing waste with cement and other substances before disposal. 65% pharmaceutical work 15% lime 15% cement 5% waters

18. BIO MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDIA Vials , broken Glasses, N eedles, Surgical blades, Scalpels, Ampoules & Lancets

19. Yellow: incineration or deep burn. Red: autoclaving, microwaving, chemical treatment. Blue : destruction. Black: disposal in secured land filling.

20. HANDLING OF BIOHAZARDOUS WASTE 1.GENERATION, 2.WASTE SEGREGATION, 3.COLLECTION

21. 4.TRANSPORTATION, 5.STORAGE, 6.END TREATMENT OR DISPOSAL

22. ROLE OF NURSE IN BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULAR VISIT TO ALL WARDS AND HIGH RISK UNITS. ENSURING THAT SAMPLES (BLOOD, STOOL, URINE ETC) ARE COLLECTED AND DISPOSE SAFELY. MONITORING AND SUPERVISING THE STAFF WEATHER THEY ARE DOING SAFE DISPOSAL OF WASTEAS COLOUR CODED. PREVENTION OF HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS BY FOLLOWING UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS.

23. USE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT WHILE HANDLING WASTE. 25 MT-Bio Medical Waste Management -V2.0-2016-05-29 ROLE OF NURSE IN BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

24. Avoid needle stick injuries. Collect waste when the bin is 3/4 th full . Avoid using common lift to move waste . Avoid spillage. Clean spills with disinfectant. 26 ROLE OF NURSE IN BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

25. 1)Never overload bins used for storing Bio Medical Waste 2)General waste to be put in black container. PRECUTIONS TAKEN DUURING BIO MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

26. 3)Display the Bio-Hazardous Symbol and the types of waste to be put in each container as per Schedule

27. 4)Never transfer sharps directly from person to person 5)Do not inhale chemicals directly.  Use always mask