bio medical waste management technical seminar (1).pptx

Biomedical waste management techniques

1. BIO-MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL SEMINAR 2021 Presented by BINDUSHREE B T (1SI17CH009) PRAGATHI M S (1SI17CH021) PUSHPA T P (1SI17CH036) SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY TUMAKURU-572102, KARNATAKA ( An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi . Recognized by AICTE and accredited by NBA, New Delhi) DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 1

2. CONTENTS Introduction Sources Classification of Bio-medical waste Sources Causes effects Bio-medical waste management Methods Conclusion 2

3. INTRODUCTION Since beginning, the hospitals are known for the treatment of sick persons but we are unaware about the adverse effects of the garbage generated by them on human body nod environment. Now it is well established fact that hospital waste is potential health hazard to the health care workers , public and flora and fauna of the area. What is bio medical waste? The waste generated during the diagnosis, testing, treatment, research or production of biological products from humans or animals. Medical waste can be defined as waste that contains potentially infectious materials. A broader definition may also include all materials that are of laboratory or medical origin, including packaging, infusion kits, etc. WHAT IS A Bio-MEDICAL WASTE?? 3 https://images.app.goo.gl/sNpZHhW9SMeSwQez8

4. Bio Medical waste consists of Human anatomical waste like tissues, organs and body parts. Animal wastes generated during research from veterinary hospitals. Microbiology and biotechnology wastes. Waste sharps like hypodermic needles, syringes, scalpels and broken glass. Discarded medicines and cytotoxic drugs. 4 https://images.app.goo.gl/97tHivke3xVgwQSU8 https://images.app.goo.gl/741oScmyH9q7wLH89 https://images.app.goo.gl/8LzueSk7UZiwrJxd7

5. Sources for Bio M edical W aste (BMW) The major sources are: Hospitals. Primary health centres. Medical colleges and research centres. Veterinary colleges and animal research centres. Blood banks, mortuaries, autopsy centres. Biotechnology institutions. The Minor sources are: Home care. Cosmetic clinics. Paramedics. Funeral services. 5 https://images.app.goo.gl/vuf9KttnjreMXz5W9

6. Classification of Bio-Medical Waste Bio medical waste classified as Infectious waste. Non infectious waste Chemical waste. P harmaceutical waste. Sharps. Radioactive waste. Cytotoxic waste. H eavy metal waste. 6 https://images.app.goo.gl/2mwcvZGGCCVJAQ467

7. Causes for the Bio-Medical W aste Dentists Physicians Retail health Vets Urgent care Home healthcare Assisted living facilities Hospitals Funeral homes Re search 7 https://images.app.goo.gl/9phz3tHki5G4dBtJA https://images.app.goo.gl/mCGy9i2pu4F4MmjVA

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9. The improper management of bio medical waste causes serious effect on environment and human health. 1. Effect on environment . Soil contamination, water contamination. air contamination. 2. Effect on human health. Lung infections. Parasitic infection Skin infection. The spread of viral illness such as HIV, Hepatitis B and C. Bacteremia . Cholera tuberculosis Effects of Bio-Medical Waste 9 https://images.app.goo.gl/UdA3RroGT9Tyrinn9

10. Bio-medical waste management T he act of bio medical waste management was passed by the ministry of environment and forests in 1986 and noticed the rules in 1998. According to this management ,it is the duty of every “occupier” i.e. a person who has control over the institution or its premises, to take all steps to ensure that waste generated is handled without any adverse effect to human health and environment. 10 https://images.app.goo.gl/Zrqgks2NfXAg46aY7 https://images.app.goo.gl/gi5SrE2CkmgU8ENF6

11. Need for BMW Management 11

12. https://www.plexusmd.com/PlexusMDAPI/Images/HostedResources/d03bd9178ee14599ab29c3461dbb7166.png 12

13. BMW MANAGEMENT PROCESS https://ramkyenviroengineers.com/biomedical 13

14. Key Methods of Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Incineration. Chemical treatment. Autoclave. Microwave irradiation. Land disposal. Inert- ization . Incineration: High temperature dry oxidation process that reduce organic and combustible waste into inorganic incombustible matter. Resulting in significant reduction in waste volume and weight. Process is selected to treat waste that cannot be recycled, reused or can be disposed in land. Incineration requires no pre-treatment, provided that certain types are not included in the matter to incinerated . 14

15. Types of Incinerators : Double chambered(for infectious waste) Single chambered (if double chamber not affordable) Rotary Kilns(for genotoxic waste) https://www.google.com/urlFsharrygajuryalnepal%2Fbiomedical-waste-treatment-process-a-case-study 15 Waste type not to be incinerated Pressurized gas containers Large amounts of reactive chemical waste Silver salts and photographic or radiographic wastes (x- ray films) Halogenated plastic and rubber disposables used in the hospitals( pvc ). Waste with high mercury or cadmium content such as broken thermometers & used batteries Sealed ampules or ampules containing heavy metals

16. Chemical DisInfection /treatment : Chemicals are added to waste to kill or inactive the pathogen usually results in disinfection rather than sterlization . Bleaching power, Sodium Hypochlorite. Commonly Used for treatment of liquid infectious waste eg.blood , urine, stool and hospital sewage. https://www2.lbl.gov/ehs/waste/pub-3095/MEDICAL%20WASTE%20GENERATOR%20GUIDELINES-FINAL4-FOR-WEB-7-6_files/image016.jpg 16

17. Autoclave: Autoclaves use pressurized steam to destroy microorganisms, and are the most dependable systems available for the decontamination of waste and the sterilization of equipment and supplies under maintained temperature and pressure. Blue and red colored waste bags are allowed to treat in autoclave machine. Plastic containers from Blue bags are removed soon after autoclaving and are crushed. The crushed material are kept between the gap of cement and concrete and again filled by cement and concrete to make bricks . 17 Key Methods of Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal | BWS (bwaste.com) https://previews.123rf.com/images/pittawut/pittawut1509/pittawut150900073/44531627-close-up-black-autoclave-hole-of-autoclave-sterilization-machine-for-hospital.jpg

18. Microwave treatment Microwave of frequency 2450MHZ and wave length 12.24cm used to destroy the microorganism. water contained in the waste is rapidly heated by microwave and infectious components are destroyed by heat conduction. Land disposal There are two distinct types of waste disposal-Open dumping &Sanitary landfill. Sanitary landfills are designed Geological isolation of waste from environment Appropriate engineering preparation before the site is ready to accept waste Staff present on site to control operations Organized deposit and daily coverage of waste. 18 https://www.google.com/imgreF95%2Fbiomedical-waste-management-rule-2016-36- https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fprofile%2FJyotsna-Chauhan%2Fpublication%2F337108248%2Ffigure%2Ffig3%2FAS%3A838448588013568%401576913129954%2FSchematic-diagram-of-microwave-irradiation.

19. Inert- ization Process of mixing waste with cement and other substances before disposal in order to minimize the risk of toxic substance migrating into surface water or ground water and to prevent scavenging. Typ i c al p r oporti o n o f mixture: 6 5 % pharmaceutical w aste, 15% lime, 15% cement and 5% water. 19 https://image.slidesharecdn.com/solidwastedisposalandhospitalwastemanagement-160416081937/95/solid-waste-disposal-and-hospital-waste-management-48-638.jpg?cb=1460794958

20. CONCLUSION Correct procedure will help protect health care workers, patients and the local community. Proper collection and segregation of biomedical waste are important. At the same time, the quantity of waste generated is equally important. Proper collection and segregation of biomedical waste are important. At the same time, the quantity of waste generated is equally important, health care providers should always try to reduce the waste generation in day-to-day work in the clinic or at the hospital . Safe a n d e f fe c t i ve management of waste is not only a legal necessity but also a social responsibility. 20

21. References K.Kalaivani , R.Lavanya , K.V.Radha (Corresponding author) A Case Study of Biomedical Waste Management in Hospitals Ministry of Health and Family WelfareMedical waste management during COVID-19 pandemicPosted On: 20 SEP 2020 8:27PM by PIB Delhi Ramesha Chandrappa 1  and  Diganta Bhusan Das 2 Biomedical Waste Published online 2012 Jun30. Karnataka State Pollution Control Board, Church Street, Bangalore, 560001 IndiaChemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough , LE11 3TU UK Key Methods of Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal | BWS (bwaste.com) 21

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