Bio stimulation & Bio remediation Through Rhizosphere Technology

Bio stimulation & Bio remediation Through Rhizosphere Technology

1. Bio stimulation & Bio remediation Through Rhizosphere Technology Speaker : Vivek Yadav Roll no. 15MSHT20 Department of Horticulture School of Life Sciences Sikkim University

2. INTRODUCTION 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 2 All those organisms present in rhizosphere play very important role in plant health promotion or demotion. The rhizobacteria that exert a beneficial effect on plant growth are called as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Kloepper et al. 1989 ; Hayat et al. 2010 ). The use of these beneficial bacteria in modern agriculture is considered as next generation organic input and use of these next generation organic inputs have potential to increase the growth and promotion directly and indirectly (Akhtar and Siddiqui 2010 ; Akhtar et al. 2010 ; Akhtar and Azam 2014 ).

3. 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 3 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

4. Intrinsic Character :PGPR 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 4 Associated with root surface in competition with the microbes , at least for the time needed to express the growth effect.

5. PGPR soil bacteria types On the basis of lifestyle (Rhizosphere) Rhizoplane Live within root 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 5 Alavi et al., 2013; Mitter et al.,2013

6. Rhizobacteria with PGR-activity In a number of bacteria phyla (Actinobacteria, protobacteria, firmicuts) 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 6

7. Growth Promotion Tusen 2008 Biofertilizers Activity Biocontrol Activity Seed germination Leaf senescence Fruit ripening Flower wilting Response to stress Root initiation 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 7

8. MODE OF ACTION 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 8

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10. About 80% of the naturally occurring bacteria in soil are capable of producing auxin (Khalid et al., 2004; Patten and Glick,1996). utilize tryptophan secreted by plants as root 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 10 GA and GA-like substances ( Spaepen & Vanderleyden , 2011). GA has been documented in several PGPR belonging to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus , Azospirillum spp., Azotobacter spp., Bacillus spp., Gluconobacter spp. ( Bottini et al., 2004; Dodd, Zinovkina , Safronova , & Belimov , 2010 ) Cytokinin production (especially zeatin ) has been documented in various PGPR-like Arthrobacter giacomelloi , Azospirillum brasilense , Bacillus licheniformis , P. fluorescens (Per-rig et al., 2007; Timmusk et al., 1999). Stress condition ACC Secreted into the rhizosphere and is readsorbed by the roots, where it is converted into ethylene. accumulation of ethylene leads to a downward spiral effect, PGPR with the ability to degrade ACC

11. 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 11 Mobility Solubility Acidic environment high affinity siderphores (Webley and Duff, 1962; Moghimi et al., 1978; Alexander, 1977) Nutrient availability and uptake

12. Stress and plant tolerant

13. Plant Biocontrol mechanism 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 13 Kim et al., 2003 Nakkeeram et al., 2012 Compant et al., 2008 Ramamurthi et al., 2001 Sullivan and Gara ., 1992 Kloppler et al., 1999 Interaction of some plant bacteria to plant root can result in plant resistant to some pathogenic bacteria, fungi, virus Kloppler et al., 1999

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15. Bio remediation : Heavy metal problem Due to the sensitivity and the sequestration ability of the microbial communities to heavy metals, microbes have been successfully used for bioremediation ( Burd , Dixon, & Glick, 2000; Ma, Rajkumar , & Freitas, 2009 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 15 In contrast with inorganic compounds, microorganisms can degrade and even mineralize organic compounds in association with plants (Saleh, Huang, Greenberg, & Glick, 2004) PGPR capable of degrading certain kind of organic pollutant, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, have been isolated from a range of sites and the pathways, and encoding genes have been studied. (Brazil et al., 1995) The application of certain rhizobacteria can increase the uptake of Ni from soils by changing its phase ( Abou-Shanab , Angle, & Chaney, 2006).

16. Bioremediation 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 16 Organic Contaminants Toxic Metals Reduction of total microbial biomass. Decreases numbers of specific populations. Shifts in the microbial community structure. Nies et al , 1999 Sensitivity and the sequestration ability of the microbial communities to heavy metals, microbes have been successfully used for bioremediation ( Burd , Dixon, & Glick, 2000; Ma, Rajkumar , & Freitas, 2009a).

17. Bioremediation Bacteria Plant Toxic metal Role of PGPR References Azotobacter chroococcum HKN-5 Brassica Lead, Zink Stimulated plant growth Wu et al, 2006 Bacillus megaterium HKP-1 Brassica Lead , Zink Protected plant from toxicity Wu et al, 2006 Bacillus subtilis SJ-101 Brassica Nickel Facilitated Ni accumulation Zaidi et al, 2006 Kluyveraascorbata SUD165 Indian Mustard Lead, Zink Decreased plant growth inhibitionby toxic metals Burd , et al, 2004 Mesorhizobiumhuakuii sub sp. Astragalus sinicus Cadmium Increased ability of cellsto bind Cd 2+ McGrath et al, 1995 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 17

18. Selection of PGPR The bacteria pre- selected might originate from the rhizosphere soil, from the rhizoplane or from within the root, and all might demonstrate PGPR activity, independent of the lifestyle (da Costa et al., 2014) The most general conclusion that can be drawn from the above example is that to isolate effective PGPR is better to analyze the soil characteristics where the plants will be grown and the specific requirements of the particular crop, and then to identify bacterial traits that might be beneficial to these particular conditions ( Ipek et al., 2014). some or all the plant growth promoting traits do not work independently of each other but additively ( Ahemad and Kibret , 2014). 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 18

19. Effect of PGPR on Horticulture Crop(Vegetables) Crop PGPR Application mode Effect References Broccoli Brevibacillus reuszeria Rhizobium rubi Root-dipping of seedlings for 60 min Yield ,plant weight, head diameter Yildirim et al. (2011) Cabbage Pantoea agglomerans Seed dipping Growth, harmone , nutrient content Tanwar et al. (2014) Carrot Rhizobium Leguminosarum strain Seed dipping Dry matter , root length Flores-Felix et al.(2013) Pepper Bacillus strains Seed dipping Rootlength , total root area, number of root tips Kokalis-burelle et al.(2002) Tomato, Cucumber, Lettuce , Potato Psedumonas strain Seed dipping, drenching Increased shoot and fruit weight Van Peer and Schippers (1998) Brinjal Azospirillum + phosphate solubilising bacteria Highest plant height, no . of primary branches, number of leaves Anburani and Manivannan(2002) 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 19

20. Fruit Crop Crop PGPR Application mode Effects References Apple Bacillus spp. Root dipping Cumulative yield, fruit weight ,shoot length, shoot diameter Karlidag et al.(2007) Aslantas et al. (2007) Apricot Bacillus spp. Foliar application Decrease in shoot hole disease Esitken et al. (2002,2003) Grape Pseudomonas putida Graft plant dipping Graft callusing, scion shoot length cane hardening , fruit Sabir (2013) Kiwifruit Comamonas acidovorans Seed dipping Early and high total yield Erturk et al.(2010) 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 20

21. Ornamental Crops Crop PGPR Application mode Effect References Chrysanthemum Pseudomonas sp. Soil drench No. of flower, root length, shoot length Gore and Altin (2006) Dahlia P. fluorescens Soil drench Flowers and fresh weight Gore and Altin (2006) Gladiolus Bacillius group Foliar spray Salt tolerance Damodaran et al. (2014) Jasmine Azospirillum sp. Lignite based culture Flower quality Jayamma et al. (2014) Zinnia P. fluorescens Root dipping of seedling Plant growth Yuen and Scroth (1986) 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 21

22. 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 22 Researc h Study

23. Research study -I 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 23 Seed pelletization with PGPR- a potential tool for improving the productivity of fenugreek Suryakumari et al., 2014

24. Economics of bio-formulations use in fenugreek (BCR) Treatment GUNTUR HISAR JUNAGARH JOBNER KUMARGANJ MEAN (BCR ) T1 1.83 2.66 2.26 1.96 1.96 2.13 T2 1.91 2.66 2.27 2.27 1.83 2.72 T3 1.81 2.71 2.71 2.26 2.12 2.19 T4 1.76 2.47 2.47 2.16 1.72 1.98 CD 5% 91 47.1 N.S 77.6 19 CV % 15.1 15.6 9.2 10.1 8.8 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 24

25. Improvement of grafting efficiency in hard grafting grape 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 25 Research study -2 Sabir Ali 2013 Berlandieri hybrid Grape

26. 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 26 Effect on most of the investigated criteria. Callus promoting potential of the strain clarified their ability to synthesize plant regulator activity. Bacterial bio inoculants in enhancing graft success.

27. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Improve the Production and Enhancement of Alkaloid Content in Chilli 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 27 Research study -3 Dutta et al , 2015

28. 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 28 Treatment Average plant height (90 DAP) Number of Fruit per plant Fruit weight Number of Seeds Streptomycesa 53.25±3.48 64.5±2.32 1.92±0.04 76.75±4.21 Bacillus 44.75±1.66 55.25±3.55 1.98±0.06 78.25±4.22 Medium Control 36.25±2.87 40.25±4.03 1.38±0.04 31.5±2.66 Water control 34±2.38 39.25±2.98 1.27±0.04 27.5±1.51 Effect of bacterial isolates on growth and fruit characters of chilli (cv. Bullet)

29. Commercial products 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 29

30. References Akhtar MS, Siddiqui ZA (2009). Use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for the biocontrol of root- rot disease complex of cowpea. Aust Plant Pathol 38:44-50. Kloepper JW, Leong J, Teintze M, Schroth MN (1980). Enhanced plant growth by siderophores produced by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Nature 286:885–886 Kloepper JW, Lifshitz R, Zablotowicz RM (1989). Free living bacterial inocula for enhancing crop productivity. Labuschagne N, Pretorius T, Idris AH (2010). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biocontrol agents against soil-borne plant diseases. In: Maheshwari DK (ed.) Plant growth and health pro- moting bacteria, Microbiology monographs. Springer, Berlin, pp 211–230. Lugtenberg B, Kamilova F (2009). Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Annu Rev Microbiol 63:541–556. Mangmang JS, Deaker , R, Rogers, G (2015). Germination characteristics of cucumber influenced by plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria. Int. J. Veg. Sci. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2014.938850 Patel PR, Shaikh, S (2016). Dynamism of PGPR in bioremediation and plant growth promotion in heavy metal contaminated soil. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology . Yadav BK, Akhtar MS, Panwar J (2015). Rhizospheric plant microbe interactions: a key factor to soil fertility and plant nutrition. In: Arora NK (ed.) Plant microbe symbiosis: applied facets. Springer, cham . pp127-147 2/15/2018 Bio-stimulation & Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Tech. 30

31. Thank You