Biocompatible Polymers

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2. BIOCOMPATIBLE POLYMERS
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3. Introduction to Polymers
Classification of polymers
Biocompatible polymers
Requirements for polymers
Biocompatibility of polymers
Applications
Summary
References
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Biocompatibility testing
CONTENTS

4. What are polymers?
Monomer
Repeat
attachment of
monomers
Dimer
Monomer
Polymer
Polymers: Macromolecules formed by joining of repeating
structural units called as monomers .
(“Poly”-many, “mer” -unit or part).
Covalent bond
“Mono”-one
“mer”-part
Two monomers
“Di”-two
“mer”-part
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5. Classification of Polymers
Classification
of polymers
Based on
molecular
forces
Based on
source
Based on
mode of
polymeriza
tion
Based on
structure
Based on
susceptibility
of backbone
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6. Cont......
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7. Classification based on Structure of polymers
Cont........
1. Linear polymers
2. Branched polymers
3. Cross linked or Network polymers
e.g. P.V.C., High density Polythene
e.g. Low density Polythene
e.g. Bakelite
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8. Cont.......
Classification based on mode of polymerization
Addition polymers Condensation polymers
e.g. Polythene, Buna-S etc. e.g. Terylene, Nylon 6 etc.
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9. Classification
based on
molecular
forces
Elastomers
e.g. Buna-
S, Buna-N
Fibres
e.g. Nylon6,6,
Terylene
Thermoplastic
polymers
e.g. Polythene
Thermosetting
polymers
e.g. Bakelite
Cont…..
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10. Cont…
Classification based on susceptibility of backbone
Non-degradable
polymers
Degradable
polymers
e.g. Polypropylene, Polyethylenee.g. Polylactide, Polyglycolid
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11. Biocompatiblepolymersaresyntheticornaturalpolymers
usedtoreplacepartofalivingsystemortofunctionin
intimatecontactwithlivingtissue.
Biocompatiblepolymersareintendedtointerfacewith
biologicalsystemstoevaluate,treat,augmentorreplaceany
tissue,organorfunctionofthebody.
What are biocompatible polymers?
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12. Requirements for biocompatible polymers


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13. Biocompatibility of polymers
Biocompatibilitytermisusedtodescribethesuitability
ofapolymerforexposuretothebodyorbodilyfluids.
Apolymerwillbeconsideredbiocompatible,ifit
allowsthebodytofunctionwithoutanycomplications
suchasallergicreactionsorotheradversesideeffects.
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14. Complications of use of Non-biocompatible
polymers
Extended chronic inflammation at the contact point.
Cytotoxicity.
Cell disruption.
Skin irritation.
Thrombosis.
Corrosion of an implant (if used).
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15. Biocompatibility testing of polymers
Biocompatibilitytestinganswerstwofundamentalquestions:
Isthepolymersafe?
Doesithavenecessaryphysicalandchemicalproperties?
Thisconsistofinvitroandinvivoassessmentsthatarerelevanttothe
applicationsofpolymers.
A varietyoftestsarenecessarytodetermine
biocompatibility,dependingonthetypeandapplicationofpolymer.
GenerallyISO10993serieshavebeenfollowedacrosstheglobeto
standardizethebiocompatibletestingscheme.
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16. APPLICATIONS
Tissue culture
Tissue scaffolds
Implantable controlled drug delivery systems
Catheters and dialysis tubing
Artificial grafts
To fabricate wound closure devices
Envelopes for the implantation of cardiac devices
Stents such as biliarystents, esophageal stents, vaginal stents, lung,
Trachea/bronchus stents
Coating on medical devices such as vascular grafts, wound dressings
and surgical sealants to improve blood compatibility
Wildlife vaccination
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Examples of Biocompatible polymer
applications
1.Tissue culture
2.Tissue scaffolds
3.Wildlife vaccination

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Biocompatible polymer for tissue culture
37
0
Collapsed
structure
32
0
Expanded
structure
PIPA changes properties at different temperatures
How could this property be used for medical applications?
Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)
“PIPA”

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Growing cell sheets using PIPA
PIPA Polymer
1. Coat surface
with polymer
2. Apply live cells
3. Allow cells to grow
4. Harvest cells
Cell can be grown outside the body
Reduce temp.

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Examples of cell sheets
Cardiac cells Skin (epitheliall)cells
Skin cell graft on patient
Cell sheets have great
potential to treat many
injuries/diseases

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Hydrogelscan be formed in biobullets
Solid hydrogelsof vaccine
Biobullets
(Sugar bullets)
Vaccine delivery to animals
Bullet penetrates
target, degrade and releases
contentAir rifle delivery

24. Examples & applications of some polymers
Nameofpolymer Typicalapplications
Polyvinylchloride
(PVC)
Bloodtubing,asbloodbags.
Polytetrafluoroethylene
(PTFE)
Tubing,endoscopes,cannulas,catheter
linings,Syntheticblood vessels,Surgical
sutures.
Polyethersulfone(PES) Tubing,catheters
Polyethylene
(PE)
Orthopedicsutures,artificialtendons
Polyetheretherketone(PEEK)Dentistryproducts,rigidtubing
Polysulfone
(PS)
Surgicalandmedicaldevices,clamps,
artificialHeartcomponents,heartvalves
Polypropylene(PP) Heartvalves
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SUMMARY

26. REFERENCES
1.V. Prasad Shastri, “Non-Degradable Biocompatible Polymers in
Medicine: Past, Present and Future”, School of Medicine and
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
2.ISO 7405 (1984): International Organization For Standardization,
Technical Report 7’405, Biological Evaluation of Dental Materials.
3.R. James Christie, “Biocompatible polymers: design, function and
applications”, Utsunomiya girl’s high school, USA.
4.http://www.wikipedia.com/biocompatible polymers.
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27. Cont........
5. BholaR., BholaS.M., Liang H., Mishra B., “Biocompatible
Denture Polymers –A Review” Department of Metallurgical &
Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO
80401.
6. QuansahJ.K., “Synthetic polymers for biocompatible
biomaterials”, Materials Literature seminar, September
23, 2004.
7. http://www.zeusinc.com/biocompatible polymers.
8. HiemenzP.C., Marcel Dekker, “Polymer Chemistry-The Basic
Concepts”, Inc. Publication. Page no. 03.
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