Biodegradable polymers Dr Anu Sukhdev

Biodegradable polymers Dr Anu Sukhdev

1. Biodegradable Polymers Dr. Anu Sukhdev , Associate Professor Dr. Saravanan , Associate Professor

2. Contents Biopolymers (natural polymers) Introduction Classification Biodegradable polymers Polysaccharides Polylactic acid Polylactic –Co-glycolic acid Polypropylene carbonate Polycaprolactone Biodegradable silk Chitosan Applications Advantages 2

3. 3 Biopolymers  are natural polymers produced by the cells of living organisms. Biopolymers consist of monomeric units that are covalently bonded to form larger molecules . Example: Polynucleotides,  - DNA and RNA Polypeptides – Amino acids - collagen, actin, and fibrin. Polysaccharides - Polymeric carbohydrates - starch, cellulose and alginate https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/; https://byjus.com/biology/difference-between-dna-and-rna/ Biopolymers

4. 4 What is biodegradation? Biodegradation is the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradable_polymer Examples: Polysaccharides Polylactic acid Polyhydroxybutyrate Biodegradable polymers Biodegradable polymers  are a special class of polymer that breaks down after its intended purpose by bacterial/enzyme decomposition process to result in natural byproducts such as gases (CO 2 , N 2 ), water, biomass, and inorganic salts.

5. Classification of biodegradable polymers 6

6. Polysaccharides Properties: Excellent mechanical properties, most abundant biomass material, available from renewable resources, biocompatible, biodegradable and surfaces can be readily chemically functionalized. Applications: Substrate in Solar cell, Li-ion battery, paper battery and flexible Supercapacitor Paper battery doi:10.1002/smll.201702240 ; https ://www.jain.software/paper-battery / ; Journal of Power Sources 361 (2017) 122e132 Solar cell and Li-ion paper battery Supercapacitor (Cellulose)

7. Poly-lactic acid (PLA)

8. P olylactic -co-glycolic acid (PLGA)

9. Polypropylene carbonate (PPC) Catalyst Biodegradable and environment-friendly Thermoplastic polymer Fully amorphous Low glass transition temperature of about 40 °C, and thus is rather soft at room temperature.

10. Polycaprolactone (PCL) Properties: Biocompatible and biodegradable Low melting point ~ 60 C Highly elastic and inexpensive Slow in vivo degradation Strong mechanical strength Able to formulate polymer blends Remains active as long as a year for drug delivery Application: Drug delivery ( Cyclosporin in form of nanoparticles), Cardiac graft Surgical grade sheets for orthopedic casting Dental implants Agricultural films, seedling containers Bone tissue strengthening Collagen and cellular interaction

11. Biodegradable Materials Silk Silk is a natural protein fiber obtained from the cocoons of the larvae of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori . Properties: Low density and light in weight High tensile strength and good elongation High elasticity and flexibility Good abrasion resistance Poor electrical conductivity High moisture absorbency Application: Clothing, furnishing, bicycle tires, biomedical, flexible electronics.

12. Chitosan Chitosan is a polysaccharide that is obtained by deacetylation of chitin with an alkaline substance, such as sodium hydroxide. Properties: Biodegradable, bioactivite , biocompatible, non‐toxic, spin‐ability, ability to form film and miscibility with other polymers. Application Agriculture Self-healing polyurethane paint coating Bandages to reduce bleeding, antibacterial agent Drug delivery and other biomedical application Fabrication of biodevice interface Pollutant adsorbent Engineer and bioprint human organs or tissues Food packaging

13. Degradable at the end of the use Easy to recycle Less energy requirement to prepare the devices based on biodegradable polymers Less amount of waste production Main materials from non renewable sources R eduction of petroleum products Environmental friendly ADVANTAGES OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS