Biodiversity: concepts and definitions

Biodiversity definitions and concepts. the benefits, depletion and conservation measures of biodiversity in brief for introducing the chapter biodiversity for post graduate students.

1. BIODIVERSITY concepts and definitions Dr. Nagabhushan Charantimath Assistant Professor, Dept. of Studies in Zoology, Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ballari 9880121090, [email protected] VIJAYANAGARA SRIKRISHNADEVARAYA UNIVERSITY, BALLARI DEPARTMENT OF STUDIES IN ZOOLOGY

2. synonyms BIODIVERSITY BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY DIVERSITY OF LIFE BIOLOGICAL VARIABILITY TOTALITY OF LIVING ORGANISMS 5/6/2021 2 Dr. Nagabhushan CM

3. definitions The variety of plant and animal life in the world or a particular habitat, a high level of which is considered to be important and desirable - oxford Biodiversity is the variation among living organisms from different sources including terrestrial, marine and desert ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part . - anonymous 5/6/2021 3 Dr. Nagabhushan CM

4. definitions Biodiversity is the richness and variety of life on earth - anonymous Biodiversity is the biological variety and variability of life on earth . It is a measure of variation at genetic, species and habitat levels . Wikipedia 5/6/2021 4 Dr. Nagabhushan CM

5. definitions Biodiversity refers to all species and living things on earth or in a specific ecosystem - anonymous Biodiversity is the totality of living organisms inhabiting the biosphere of earth. - nagabhushan 5/6/2021 5 Dr. Nagabhushan CM

6. definitions Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms . It brings together the different species and forms of life and their variability , their dynamics of evolution in their ecosystems. - Scientific 5/6/2021 6 Dr. Nagabhushan CM

7. coining The term biodiversity was coined by WALTER G. ROSEN (1985) of National research council 5/6/2021 7 Dr. Nagabhushan CM

8. coining Since the origin of life on earth, there have been numerous fascinating organisms inhabiting the biosphere. Total estimated species = 50,000,000 About 2600,000 have been identified in last 250 years. Everyday new species are being discovered, thanks to ‘ global biodiversity information facility ’, ‘ species-2000 ’ etc. 5/6/2021 8 Dr. Nagabhushan CM

9. Traditional levels of biodiversity 5/6/2021 9 Dr. Nagabhushan CM Ecosystem/ habitat diversity Species diversity Genetic diversity.

10. Traditional levels of biodiversity Refers to the variety of by their nature and number. The interaction between living and non-living components in a given geographical area. ex Ocean Sea Pool River Brackish water Backwater Reservoir lake Attol Pond Well Aquarium Stream Desert Steppe Savanna Plains Evergreen Rain forests Coastal plain Himalayan range Garden So on 5/6/2021 10 Dr. Nagabhushan CM 1. Ecosystem/ habitat diversity

11. Traditional levels of biodiversity Ecosystem/ habitat diversity Structural and functional unit of biosphere is ECOSYSTEM. Interaction of biotic and abiotic components in a habitat where energy flow is maintained. Alpha diversity Different communities share the common habitat. 5/6/2021 11 Dr. Nagabhushan CM Beta diversity Difference in the species composition along the environmental gradients such as altitude/sunlight/water etc. Gamma diversity Diversity of communities and habitats over the large geographical areas.

12. Traditional levels of biodiversity Ecosystem/habitat diversity Alpha diversity Different communities share the common habitat. 5/6/2021 12 Dr. Nagabhushan CM Beta diversity Difference in the species composition along the environmental gradients such as altitude/sunlight/water etc. Gamma diversity Diversity of communities and habitats over the large geographical areas.

13. Traditional levels of biodiversity UNEP (united nations environmental programme , 1995) has listed the following levels Species Population Community Habitat Ecosystem Niche Landscape Biome Biosphere 5/6/2021 13 Dr. Nagabhushan CM Ecosystem/ habitat diversity

14. Traditional levels of biodiversity at each level and between them, interaction is a primordial idea that emphasizes a constantly evolving reality. Species Population Community Habitat Ecosystem Niche Landscape Biome Biosphere 5/6/2021 14 Dr. Nagabhushan CM Ecosystem/ habitat diversity

15. Traditional levels of biodiversity 5/6/2021 15 Dr. Nagabhushan CM Ecosystem/ habitat diversity Species diversity Genetic diversity.

16. Traditional levels of biodiversity Refers to the variety of species within the biosphere. The number of species in a UNIT AREA is species richness . The increase in species richness in a large unit area maintains proportionate representation of species called Species Evenness . The difference in species richness and evenness causes DIVERSITY . 5/6/2021 16 Dr. Nagabhushan CM 2. Species diversity

17. Traditional levels of biodiversity It is often separated into two categories: INTRASPECIFIC diversity Genetic variation of individuals and populations of the same species. Ex. Skin colour , hair colour , coat colour , eye colour etc. INTERSPECIFIC diversity Diversity of different species by number, nature and relative importance. 5/6/2021 17 Dr. Nagabhushan CM 2. Species diversity

18. Traditional levels of biodiversity UNEP has listed the species diversity in the following taxonomic orders. 5/6/2021 18 Dr. Nagabhushan CM 2. Species diversity Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genera Species Sub-species

19. Traditional levels of biodiversity 5/6/2021 19 Dr. Nagabhushan CM Ecosystem/ habitat diversity Species diversity Genetic diversity.

20. Traditional levels of biodiversity It is the variation at the level of individual genes . It helps individuals to adapt to the new environment. Variation helps Increase Survival, Reproduction in the Population. Genetic diversity arises ONLY DUE TO sexual reproduction which brings recombination and variation forming speciation. Genetic variability contributes to the multiplicity of life forms phenotypically . 5/6/2021 20 Dr. Nagabhushan CM 3. Genetic diversity

21. Traditional levels of biodiversity UNEP has listed the following levels of genetic diversity 5/6/2021 21 Dr. Nagabhushan CM 3. Genetic diversity Community Population Chromosomes Genes Nucleotides

22. Benefits of biodiversity benefits Economic benefits Ecological benefits Ethical benefits 5/6/2021 22 Dr. Nagabhushan CM Direct indirect

23. Depletion of biodiversity Natural causes Earthquake Volcano Flood Forest fire Erosion Tsunami El nino 5/6/2021 23 Dr. Nagabhushan CM Anthropocentric causes Urbanization Expansion of agriculture Deforestation Pollution Acidification of soil and water Mining Desertification Loss of soil fertility Multiple loss

24. The last word Since there are various benefits from biodiversity and it is being depleted / degraded at an alarming rate. Hence it needs to be conserved in a sustainable manner called ‘ ecosystem sustainability ’. 5/6/2021 24 Dr. Nagabhushan CM

25. 5/6/2021 25 Dr. Nagabhushan CM acknowledgement Open source under creative commons Youmatter.world CVG books, Biodiversity chapter by Nagabhushan CM, 2005 Wikipedia.com Slide templates fppt.com

26. 5/6/2021 26 Dr. Nagabhushan CM t hank you Dr. Nagabhushan Charantimath Assistant Professor, Dept. of Studies in Zoology, Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ballari 9880121090, [email protected]