biodiversity convention to study llb.pptx

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1. UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON BIODIVERSITY, 1992 (BIODIVERSITY CONVENTION ) @Dr. Chinmayee Nimkhedkar

2. Biodiversity- can be defined as a community of all the living organisms on the earth and the diversity among them from all the ecosystems. Biodiversity is thus the variability between the species, within the species, and between the ecosystem. The term biodiversity was coined by Walter G. Rosen in the year 1986.

3. Background of CBD The Earth's biological resources are vital to humanity's economic and social development. biological diversity is a global asset of tremendous value to present and future generations. However there is great threat to species and ecosystems has never been so great Species extinction caused by human activities continues at an alarming rate. In response, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)convened the Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts on Biological Diversity in November 1988 to explore the need for an. international convention on biological diversity.

4. The work of the treaty was completed at Nairobi the  Convention on Biological Diversity  ( CBD ) was opened for signature at the Earth Summit in Rio De Janeiro , Brazil on 5 th June 1992 In the 1992 Earth Summit, two landmark binding agreements were signed, one of them being the UNCBD. The other one was the Convention on Climate Change. 196 countries are a party to the CBD. India is also a party to the Convention. India ratified it in 1994.   The convention is legally binding on its signatories.

5. Working Body The Conference of Parties (COP) is the governing body of the convention . It consists of the governments that have ratified the treaty. Its Secretariat is in Montreal, Canada . Only two member states of the United Nations are not Parties to the CBD, namely: the USA and the Vatican.

6. OBJECTIVES Conservation of Biological Diversity Sustainable use of the components of the Biodiversity Fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the genetic resources

7. PRINCIPLES Asserting intrinsic value of biodiversity Affirming conservation of biodiversity as a common concern of population Taking responsibility to conserve biodiversity by the State and that the state uses this biodiversity sustainably Affirming the State to put the biological resources as the Sovereign Rights of the State. Taking a precautionary approach towards conservation of biodiversity Highlighting the vital role of local communities Supporting access to technologies for developing countries and searching for provisions for new and additional financial resources to address the biodiversity loss in the region

8. 8. Regulated access to genetic resources and traditional knowledge including Prior Informed Consent of the party providing resources. 9. Sharing, in a fair and equitable way, the results of research and development and the benefits arising from the commercial and other utilization of genetic  resources with the Contracting Party providing such resources (governments and/or local communities that provided the traditional knowledge or biodiversity resources utilized). 10. Access to and transfer of technology, to the governments and/or local communities that provided traditional knowledge and/or biodiversity resources.

9. 11. Technical and scientific cooperation. 12. Impact assessment. 13. Education and public awareness 14. Provision of financial resources. 15. National reporting on efforts to implement treaty commitments.

10. Criticism CBD implementation has been weakened due to resistance of Western countries  CBD is also regarded as a case of a hard treaty gone soft in the implementation Although the Convention explicitly states that all forms of life are covered by its provisions examination of reports and of national biodiversity strategies and action plans submitted by participating countries shows that in practice this is not happening.

11. CBD and India The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 was enacted for giving effect to the provisions of the Convention. To implement the provisions of the Act, the government established the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) in 2003. The NBA is a statutory body