Biodiversity Hotspots In India k.pptx

Biodiversity Hotspots in India - Himalayas, Indo-Burma, Western Ghats & Sundaland and The resources should be utilized efficiently.
Poaching and hunting of wild animals should be prevented.
The reserves and protected areas should be developed carefully.
The levels of pollutants should be reduced in the environment.
Deforestation should be strictly prohibited.
Environmental laws should be followed strictly.
The useful and endangered species of plants and animals should be conserved in their nature as well as artificial habitats.
Public awareness should be created regarding biodiversity conservation and its importance

1. Biodiversity Hotspots In India Name: Mohd Kaif Khan B.sc final year Botany department Amu,aligarh

2. Content Introduction Major biodiversity hotspots in India Strategies to conserve Biodiversity Hotspots Conclusion

3. Introduction Biodiversity is referred to as the variation of plants and animal species in a particular habitat. Species evenness and species richness form the major components of biodiversity. India is known for its rich biodiversity and has around 24.46% of the geographical area covered by forests and trees. As coined by Norman Myers the term “Biodiversity Hotspots” specifically refers to 25 biologically rich areas around the world, that have lost at least 70% of their original habitat.

4. Biodiversity Hotspot in India Coming to India, it is one of the top mega-diverse countries in the world. There is a vast range of biodiversity – over 91,000 species of animals, and 45,500 plant species have been documented in India. In upcoming slides we will discuss the biodiversity distribution in the four hotspots of India. Two of these: The Indo-Burma region and Sundaland are not strictly confined within the political boundaries of India but are present in South Asia. The major reasons for a rich diversity in these Indian biodiversity hotspots are the suitable climatic conditions, fertile soil, suitable temperature, ample amount of rains, which allows the growth of different plants. These areas are covered with dense vegetation of tropical, sub-tropical forests, dense savanna grasslands.

5. The Himalayas In India it covers Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya. More than 7.4 Lakh km2 area wise expanse of the Himalayas. Only left with 1.88 L km2 of area for vegetation, under which 1.12 L km2 is protected. It houses more than 10,000 plant species, 300 mammals, 970 birds, 105 amphibians, 170 reptiles and 270 freshwater fishes. Among these, 3100 endemic plant species and 8, 4, 4 threatened species of birds, mammals, amphibians respectively. Himalayan Tigers, Snow leopard, Asiatic Elephant, One-horned Rhinoceros, Red Panda, Swamp deer, Water Buffalo, Indian Hornbill, Black-necked Crane, etc are endemic but treated animals. Therapeutic plants like Himalayan Yew, Blue-Poppy, Snow Lotus are over exploited.

6. The Indo-Burma Region Covers the North-eastern states of India. It stretches across 23 Lakh km2 of area. However, the area left for vegetation is merely 1.18 L km2. The region houses over 13,500 plant species, over 430 mammals, 1,260 birds, 520 reptiles, 290 amphibians and 1,260 freshwater fishes. Around 7,000 plant species and almost half of each category of animals are endemic in nature. The reason for depletion of diversity is mainly due to agricultural activities, commercial plantations. Also fisheries have led to a decrease in mangrove cover. Due to this, only 5% of the original habitat is remaining. Species such as Pygmy Loris, Delacour’s leaf monkey, Saola , the White-eyed River Martin, Giant Ibis, Vietnamese Gecko, etc lies in category of critically endangered species. 

7. The Sundaland It covers across the Nicober group of islands when comes to India. It stretches across 15 Lakh km2 area. Only 1 L km2 remaining for vegetation. while area under protection is 1.79 L km2. It provides shelter for 25,000 plant species, 380 mammals, 770 birds, 450 reptiles, 245 amphibians and 950 freshwater fishes. Around 15,000 of plants and almost half of mammals and reptiles are endemic to the region. These islands are an abode to unique orchids and tropical plant species of high economic value, like oil, palm, rubber, etc. Turtles, Pangolins, Orangutans, Tigers, Rhinoceros, The Bali Starling, Straw Headed Bulbul and many more are the endangered species here. The biodiversity hotspot faces red danger and has lost most of its habitat due to deforestation, intensive commercial agriculture, man-made forest fires, extensive illegal hunting and poaching of animals.

8. The Western Ghats Western Ghats (The Sahayadri range) is one of the latest additions to the list of biodiversity hotspots in India. The Western Ghats span over an area of 1.6 lakh km2 , running parallel to the Western Coastline of India, from Gujarat to Kerala. There are over 7,000 plant species in the Western Ghats, of which about 5,600 are endemic. The endangered and vulnerable species include Nilgiri Tahr, Lion-tailed Macaque, Parakeets, Laughing Thrush Birds and more. Human interference is the primary cause for the depletion of vegetation. However, deforestation , commercial plantation and overgrazing are the major causes too.

9. Strategies to conserve biodiversity hotspots in India Abiding the following strategies we can conserve the Biodiversity Hotspots in India:   All the varieties of food, timber plants, livestock, microbes and agricultural animals should be limited. All the economically important organisms should be identified and conserved. • Unique ecosystems should be preserved first. The resources should be utilized efficiently. Poaching and hunting of wild animals should be prevented. The reserves and protected areas should be developed carefully. The levels of pollutants should be reduced in the environment. Deforestation should be strictly prohibited. Environmental laws should be followed strictly. The useful and endangered species of plants and animals should be conserved in their nature as well as artificial habitats. Public awareness should be created regarding biodiversity conservation and its importance.

10. Conclusion Most biodiversity resources are consumed by humans, so it is their primary responsibility to preserve and protect biodiversity to protect the earth. The richness of the species, the ecosystem, the environment and the sustainable growth of life on earth is important.