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1. BIODIVERSITY the Importance and Conservation

2. List of Contents Importance of Biodiversity Levels of Biodiversity Climate change effects Biodiversity Hotspots Threats to Biodiversity Habitat Destruction Conservation Efforts •How Can We Help? 3 2 1 4 5 6 7 8 8

3. What is Biodiversity? •Biodiversity describes the richness and variety of life on earth. It is the most complex and important feature of our planet. Without biodiversity, life would not sustain. •“ Biodiversity is the variation among living organisms from different sources including terrestrial, marine and desert ecosystems, and the ecological complexes of which they are a part. ”

4. Why is Biodiversity Important? Biodiversity holds ecological and economic significance. It provides us with nourishment, housing, fuel, clothing and several other resources. It also extracts monetary benefits through tourism. Therefore, it is very important to have a good knowledge of biodiversity for a sustainable livelihood.

5. Genetic Species Ecological LEVELS OF BIODIVERSITY

6. Genetic Diversity •It refers to the variations among the genetic resources of the organisms. •Every individual of a particular species differs from each other in their genetic constitution. •That is why every human looks different from each other. •Similarly, there are different varieties in the same species of rice, wheat, maize, barley, etc.

7. Species Diversity •Species diversity refers to the variety of different types of species found in a particular area. •It is the biodiversity at the most basic level. •It includes all the species ranging from plants to different microorganisms. •No two individuals of the same species are exactly similar. •For example, humans show a lot of diversity among themselves.

8. Ecosystem Diversity •An ecosystem is a collection of living and non-living organisms and their interaction with each other. •Ecological biodiversity refers to the variations in the plant and animal species living together and connected by food chains and food webs. •It is the diversity observed among the different ecosystems in a region. •Diversity in different ecosystems like deserts, rainforests, mangroves, etc., include ecological diversity.

9. Biodiversity Hotspots Regions with a high level of species richness and endemism that are under threat

10. •There are 25 hot spots of biodiversity on a global level out of which four are present in India, namely The Eastern Himalayas and Western Ghats, Sundaland & Indo-Burma •Examples: Amazon Rainforest, Madagascar, Western Ghats. 25 hot spots

11. The Eastern Himalayas Western Ghats Sundalands Indo-Burma

12. Threats to Biodiversity Habitat Destruction: Deforestation, urbanization Invasive Species: Non-native species disrupting local ecosystems Pollution: Air, water, soil Climate Change: Global warming, changing weather patterns Overexploitation: Overfishing, hunting, logging

13. •Causes: Agriculture, urban development, mining. •Effects: Loss of species, disruption of ecosystems. Examples: Amazon deforestation, coral reef destruction Habitat Destruction

14. •Impact: Altered habitats, migration patterns, extinction risks. •Examples: Melting polar ice caps, coral bleaching. •Case Studies: Impact on polar bears, coral reefs. Climate Change

15. •Examples: Overfishing (cod), hunting (rhinos), logging (rainforests). •Impact: Population decline, extinction, habitat loss. Overexploitation

16. •Definition: Species introduced to new areas that outcompete native species. •Examples: Kudzu vine in the US, cane toads in Australia. Impact: Displacement of native species, ecosystem imbalance Invasive Species

17. Air Pollution Water Pollution Soil Pollution Examples: Oil spills, plastic in oceans. Impacts: Health issues for species, habitat degradation Pollution

18. Conservation Efforts In-situ Conservation Ex-situ Conservation •Examples: Examples: Importance: Importance: Protecting species in their natural habitats (national parks, wildlife sanctuaries) Protecting species outside their natural habitats (zoos, botanical gardens, seed banks) National parks (Kaziranga/ Jim Corbett), wildlife sanctuaries (Gir Forest). Zoos, botanical gardens (Lloyd’s Botanical garden in Darjeeling/ National Botanical Research Institute Lucknow) , seed banks Maintains natural ecosystems and processes Protects species from immediate threats, supports breeding programs.

19. How Can We Help? Sustainable agriculture eco-friendly products renewable energy Sustainable agriculture consists of environment friendly methods of farming that allow the production of crops or livestock without causing damage to human or natural systems. Eg- crop rotation, mixed farming, multiple cropping Eg- solar panels, rechargeable batteries, hydropower, geothermal, wind, hydroelectric etc. Eg- Paper straws , leaf dishes, wooden spoons, etc.

20. Biodiversity is our life. If the Biodiversity got lost at this rate then in near future, the survival of human being will be threatened. So, it is our moral duty to conserve biodiversity as well as our environment. Conclusion

21. Thank You