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1. Medical Consent Done by Febin Mathew 2204312 Doc: Tchatchua Nika

2. What is medical consent? Medical consent is considered the corner-stone of medical practice. A process in which a healthcare professional educates a patient about the risks, benefits, and alternatives of a given procedure or intervention. This process ensures that patients are thoroughly informed about the procedure or intervention, including its purpose, potential risks and benefits, and available alternatives. Patients retain the right to decline or withdraw their consent at any point during treatment. Informed consent, fosters trust between patients and healthcare providers, and serves as a safeguard against unethical practices.

3. Historical context philosophers like Socrates, Plato, Aristotle emphasized ethics and natural rights termed fundamental human rights. During 1931 German government guidelines on informed consent flouted during Nazi experiments leading to the Nuremberg Code (1947). Helsinki Declaration introduced ethics committee reviews and informed consent documentation. Key Historical Cases and Documents Major Walter Reed Yellow Fever experiment was the First documented consent forms with translations. 1914 Schloendorff v. Society of New York Hospitals formed Legal basis for informed consent. Tuskegee Syphilis Study (1932–1972): Highlighted ethical violations

4. Key principals Adults have the right to decide on their healthcare treatments, except in exceptional cases. Substitute consent is required if a person lacks legal capacity, following local laws. Treatments without consent are unlawful unless legally permitted (e.g., emergencies, mental health cases). Providers must disclose material risks—those significant to a reasonable person or specific to the patient (Rogers v. Whitaker, 1992). Patients can refuse or withdraw consent at any time (with some legal exceptions). Document consent discussions and include written forms when needed. Consent is required for all treatments, including prescribing medications, not just for procedures.

5. The person must have legal capacity to consent. Consent must be given voluntarily without coercion. Consent must be specific to the treatment, procedure, or intervention discussed. The person must have sufficient information about: Their condition. Treatment options, including benefits, risks, and alternatives. An opportunity to ask questions and express concerns. For valid consent there must be:-

6. Principles in assessing capacity Legal capacity is decision-specific and assessed at the time consent is sought. The person must Understand the facts involved. Understand the treatment options and their consequences. Retain and recall relevant information. Weigh up the consequences of choices, including refusing treatment. Communicate their decision and understanding of its implications. Assess reasons for difficulty in demonstrating capacity, which may include: Low health literacy, cultural differences, or education level. Physical issues for example hearing or speech impairments. Information must be presented in ways that address these barriers. The person should be allowed to involve a support person in discussions.

7. —Someone famous “This is a quote. Words full of wisdom that someone important said and can make the reader get inspired”

8. Values of the company Mission Vision Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun. It’s hot and has a poisonous atmosphere Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the Solar System—it’s only a bit larger than the Moon

9. Awesome words!

10. A picture is worth a thousand words

11. Our statistics Neptune is the farthest planet Mercury Jupiter is a gas giant planet Mars Saturn is the ringed planet Jupiter Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here

12. Milestones reached 2019-2020 2017-2018 2018-2019 2020-2021 Year 2022 Venus has a beautiful name It’s a gas giant and the biggest Jupiter is the biggest planet It’s a gas giant and the biggest

13. Key Numbers 02 You can enter a subtitle here if you need it

14. Areas we cover Mercury Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun Jupiter It’s a gas giant and the biggest planet Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun It is the ringed one. It’s a huge gas giant Saturn

15. earths is the Sun’s mass is Jupiter’s rotation period is the distance between Earth and the Moon 333,000,000 9h 55m 23s 386,000 km

16. Innovations Mercury is the smallest planet Mercury Venus has a beautiful name Venus Despite being red, Mars is cold place Mars

17. Alternative resources Here’s an assortment of alternatives resources within the same style of this template. Find more illustrations like these on Storyset