BIOETHANOL SYNTHESIS AND BASED ON RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY.pptx

RSM model for bioethanol synthesis

1. BIOETHANOL SYNTHESIS AND BASED ON RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

2. OUTLINE Background of study Statement of the problem Aim and Objective of the study Literature Review Materials and methods Results and Discussion Conclusion and Recommendation

3. BACKGROUND OF STUDY False yam is a drought-resistant plant in West and Central Africa that produces a large tuber with a high starch content (Dei et al ., 2011). It is found in countries like Senegal, Congo, etc . A reasonable amount of starch extracted from its tuber can reduce the worlds dependence on fossil fuels, in addition to decreasing net emissions of greenhouse gas ( Erdei et al, 2010). Ethanol contains 35% oxygen that facilitates total combustion of fuel and hence decreasing particulate emission that causes health problem (Ali et al., 2018). Utilization of bioethanol can reduce the worlds dependence on fossil fuels, in addition to decreasing net emission of greenhouse gas ( Erdei et al ., 2010).

4. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Globally, biofuel tend to be a source of remedy to world’s energy shortage. Ethanol has been regarded as energy panacea, the reason being that they are renewable unlike fossil. In Nigeria, where fossil fuels are mostly used which is responsible for high carbon emission that leads to global warming, critical look at feedstock used for ethanol production has post a serious problem to the availability of agricultural product for human consumption. This study is focused on the production of ethanol locally, using a naturally non-edible source (false yam) so as to reduce competitiveness with food crops also used for this production.

5. AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY Generally, the aim of this work is to show that false yam could be used as an alternative to food crop for the production of ethanol. Upon completion, the project would be able to fulfill the following objectives: Investigating the effect of the process variables such as temperature, reduced sugar concentration and time Determination of the most economically optimum operating condition

6. LITERATURE REVIEW HISTORY AND OVERVIEW OF ETHANOL According to Energy Information Agency (2005), Ethanol was first used to power an engine in 1826 and in 1876 Nicolaus Otto, the inventor of the modern four-cycle internal combustion engine, used ethanol to power an early engine. Ethanol also was used as a lighting fuel in the 1850s, but its use curtailed when it was taxed as liquor to help pay for the Civil War. Ethanol use as a fuel continued after the tax was repealed, and fueled Henry Ford’s Model T in 1908. TYPES OF FEEDSTOCK USED FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL; sugar-containing feedstock ( Muktham et al ., 2016) Starch containing feedstock ( Mojovic et al ., 2006) Cellulose containing feedstock (( Muktham et al ., 2016)

7. MATERIALS AND METHOD MATERIALS: The material used in the study of this work includes; False yam Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Enzyme ( α -amylase) METHODS: Collection of sample Starch extraction Acid hydrolysis Saccharification Estimation of reduced sugar Fermentation Simple distillation

8. CONT’D CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRODUCED ETHANOL: pH determination Appearance Density Water solubility OPTIMIZATION OF THE FERMENTATION PROCESS: Response Surface Methodology was employed to model and optimize the parameters for the fermentation process. The parameters optimized were temperature, time, and reducing sugar concentration.

9. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The table here is the experimental yield of ethanol with various independent variables. Runs Time(hours) Temperature(℃) Reduced sugar concentration(g/l) Ethanol yield (%) 1 72 40 2 16.41 2 72 20 10 22.76 3 72 30 6 24.86 4 96 30 10 29.72 5 96 30 2 15.58 6 48 20 6 23.76 7 48 40 6 17.44 8 96 20 6 23.7 9 96 40 6 33.22 10 48 30 2 13.59 11 72 20 2 15.37 12 48 30 10 13.53 13 72 40 10 22.27

10. CHARACTERIZATION RESULT S/N PROPERTIES EXPERIMENTAL VALUE ASTM STANDARD VALUE FOR BIOETHANOL (ABDULKAREEM AND OGOCHUKWU, 2015) 1 Density 0.96g/ Cm 3 0.99g/ Cm 3 2 Water solubility Miscible Miscible 3 Appearance Colorless Colorless 4 pH 7.12 7.33 5 Odor Distinct(vinous) Distinctvinous ) 6 Boiling point 78 ˚C 78 ˚C Table of experimental values for the characterization result.

11. ANOVA FOR QUADRATIC MODEL Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-value p-value Model 463.64 9 51.52 89.83 0.0017 significant A-time 143.65 1 143.65 250.50 0.0005 significant B-temperature 1.76 1 1.76 3.07 0.1783 significant C-reduced sugar 93.37 1 93.37 162.81 0.0010 significant AB 62.73 1 62.73 109.38 0.0019 significant AC 50.41 1 50.41 87.91 0.0026 significant BC 0.5852 1 0.5852 1.02 0.3868 Non-significant A² 1.16 1 1.16 2.03 0.2494 Non-significant B² 0.3366 1 0.3366 0.5870 0.4994 significant C² 83.42 1 83.42 145.47 0.0012 Significant Residual 1.72 3 0.5735 Cor Total 465.36 12 Analysis of variants for the ethanol yield.

12. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Conclusion Starch feedstock is one of the popular materials used for bioethanol production globally. The use of starchy feedstock for ethanol production is not as tedious as with cellulose, because the pre-treatment method is not too expensive. Bioethanol production from this feedstock could be attractive if it is produced industrially due to no competition with food crops. False yam feedstock does not interfere with food consumption. An economic analysis of the process is necessary for the purpose of commercialization. The optimum operating condition was found to be at a temperature of 40°C, concentration 6g/l, and time of 96hours. At these optimum operating conditions, the maximum yield of ethanol was found to be 33.22%. Recommendation Future study should look at using different production steps like simultaneous saccharification and fermentation(SSF), simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation. Future study should look at the effect of other process variables such as inoculum size, yeast loading, pH, etc on the yield of ethanol. Future work should employ the use of other enzymes.

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14. 3D PLOT OF VARIABLE EFFECT ON YIELD

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