Bioethics presentation

ETHICAL ISSUES IF biotechnology
bioethics
ethics
GMO
rDND

1. Jul-21 1 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

2. SADEEQ UR REHMAN BS BOTANY 8 TH SEMESTER ROLL NO 1083 GOVT. Post Graduate College Charsadda Jul-21 2 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

3. ASSIGMNENT Chp # 10 Bioethics: Moral, Religious and ethical concerns. Jul-21 3 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

4. Bioethics Meaning Bio- Life or Living Ethics- Principles of honor and morality or Set of moral principles governing an individual’s action. Jul-21 4 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

5. Definition Ethics relating to biology and medicine. “…ethical analysis of normative problems in the biomedical sciences, medical practices, and health care management.” Moral issues brought about by biological advances. It is the applied branch of ethics which study social philosophical and legal relationship between human and life science medicine or genetic engineering. Jul-21 5 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

6. History During World War II President Franklin D. Roosevelt assembled a committee to improve medical scientists’ coordination in addressing the medical needs of the military. August 19, 1947: The Nuremberg trials of Nazi doctors who conducted heinous medical experiments during World War II began. Between 1945 and 1965, antibiotic, antihypertensive, antipsychotic, and cancer drugs came into common medical use; surgery entered the heart and the brain; organ transplantation was initiated; and life-sustaining mechanical devices, the dialysis machine, the pacemaker, and the ventilator were invented. Jul-21 6 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

7. Ethical Arguments About Biotechnology Intrinsic : Biotechnology is good/bad in itself Extrinsic : Biotechnology is good/bad because of: its consequences the motivations behind: advocacy of biotech or opposition to biotech Jul-21 7 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

8. Bioethics in the field of Biotechnology Some of the bioethical phenomena's are: Cloning rDNA technology Genetic engineering Organ donation Transgenic organisms or Genetic modified organisms(GMO) Jul-21 8 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

9. Reproductive Cloning Creating a genetically identical organism It may be: Animal cloning. Human cloning. Therapeutic Cloning a) Animal cloning Many animals have been successfully cloned. Jul-21 9 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

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11. For example Dolly sheep etc. Jul-21 11 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

12. b) Human cloning: Clonaid claims that they have the ability to clone humans Jul-21 12 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

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14. c) Therapeutic Cloning: Cloning Individual Human Cells Involves Stem cells – precursor cells that give rise to specialized cells/multiple tissue types Allows for the generation of human tissue and organs Enhances our understanding of human development and serious medical conditions (cancer, birth defects, etc) Embryonic vs Adult Stem Cells Jul-21 14 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

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16. Issues of reproductive cloning Religious issues some people believe that cloning is similar to playing God. They believed that God should be the creator of all living and nature things. Some religious people believed that if you clone a human beings it has no soul. So according to religious human cloning produce many issues morally and ethically. Jul-21 16 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

17. Issues of reproductive cloning Medical issues Cloning animal through somatic cell nuclear transfer is simply inefficient. The success rate ranges from 0.1% to 3% . Some other issues are: Problem during later development Abnormal gene expression pattern Telomeric difference Jul-21 17 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

18. Issues of reproductive cloning World views Australia Australia has prohibited human cloning, therapeutic cloning is now legal in some part of Australia. Canada Canadian law prohibits the following cloning: human cloning, cloning stem cell, growing human embryo for research purposes, buying and selling of embryos, sperm eggs, and other human reproductive materials. Jul-21 18 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

19. Issues of reproductive cloning India India does not have specific law regarding, cloning but has guidelines prohibiting whole human cloning or reproductive cloning. India allows therapeutic cloning and the use of embryonic stem cell for research purposes. Argentina Prohibits: experiments concerning cloning of human cell in order to generate human beings. Jul-21 19 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

20. Recombinant DNA technology Recombinant DNA technology  is an important development in science that has made the human life much easier. In recent years, it has advanced strategies for biomedical applications such as cancer treatment, genetic diseases, diabetes, and several plants disorders especially viral and fungal resistance. Jul-21 20 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

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22. Ethical value of recombinant DNA technology Jul-21 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany 22

23. Jul-21 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany 23 Genetic engineering The genetic engineering of animals has increased significantly in recent years, and the use of this technology brings with it ethical issues; These issues need to be considered by all stakeholders, including veterinarians, to ensure that all parties are aware of the ethical issues at stake and can make a valid contribution to the current debate regarding the creation and use of genetically engineered animals.

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25. Xenotransplantation Also known as organ transplantation Harvesting organs from animals for organ transplantation into humans Severe Organ donor shortage Jul-21 25 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

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27. Issues of Xenotransplantation Dangers of Creating New Human Viruses. issues concerning  xenotransplantation  include animal rights, allocation of resources, and distributive justice. In addition to obtaining consent for  xenotransplants  from individual patients, consent is also necessary from the populace, given the public health risks. Jul-21 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany 27

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30. Transgenic organisms Pest Resistance: Bt Corn Jul-21 30 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

31. Herbicide Tolerance Herbicide tolerant crops are designed to tolerate specific broad-spectrum herbisides which kill the surrounding weeds. “Roundup Ready” 1 st time introduce in 1996 Jul-21 31 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

32. Enhanced Nutrition Golden rise is a variety of rice produced through genetic engineering to biosynthesized beta-carotene which is the precursor of vitamin A. Jul-21 32 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

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34. Issues of plant GMOs GM crops may have adverse effects on human consumers Modified DNA from GM crops may spread to non-modified crops with bad consequences Weeds and pests may adapt and mutate to attack the GM crops, leading to more vicious weeds and pests. Jul-21 34 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

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36. Genetic Modified Animals Genetically modified animals are animals that have been genetically modified for a variety of purposes including producing drugs, enhancing yields, increasing resistance to disease, etc. Jul-21 36 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

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38. Fast-growing salmon Jul-21 38 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

39. Issues about transgenic animals GM animals may damage wild populations GM animals may disrupt the ecological balance GM animals may have adverse effects on human consumers. Jul-21 39 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

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42. Ethical Arguments About Biotechnology Intrinsic : Biotechnology is good/bad in itself Extrinsic : Biotechnology is good/bad because of: its consequences the motivations behind: advocacy of biotech or opposition to biotech Jul-21 42 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

43. PRINCIPLE-BASED BIOETHICS ETHICAL PRINCIPLES AUTONOMY Right to freely participate in/decide on a course of action (no undue influence) BENEFICENCE Promote the wellbeing of others (e.g. in the best interest of the client) NONMALEFICENCE Avoiding harm JUSTICE Fairness and equality Jul-21 43 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

44. Application of bioethics Production of recombinant bimolecules. Antibody production. Production of organ for transplant. Surgical techniques. Mode of infection. GMO production. Avoid unethical techniques. Jul-21 44 Sadeeq ur Rehman BS Botany

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