Biofertilizer and biopesticides

biofertilizers and biopesticides

1. BIOFERTILIZERS AND BIOPESTICIDES PRESENTED BY:- HARGOVIND LAXKAR

2. INTRODUCTION In the last century, chemical fertilizers were used in agriculture. But slowly chemical fertilizers started displaying their ill-effects such as polluting water basins destroying micro-organisms and friendly insects making the crop more susceptible to the attack of diseases reducing the soil fertility and thus causing irreparable damage to the overall system.

3. SOLUTION Found that biofertilizers can help in increasing the yield without causing the damage associated with chemical fertilizers.

4. BIOFERTILIZER It is a large population of a specific or a group of beneficial microorganisms for enhancing the productivity of soil Either by fixing atmospheric nitrogen or by solubilizing soil phosphorus.

5. TYPES OF BIOFERTILIZER 1. For Nitrogen Rhizobium for legumes crops Azotobacter / Azospirillum for non legume crops 2. For Phosphorous Rhizobium, Azotobacter , Azospirillum and Acetobacter

6. Biocompost Eco-friendly organic fertilizer Prepared from the sugar industry waste material. Consists of nitrogen, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and various useful fungi like decomposing fungi, trichoderma viridea which protects the plants from various soil borne disease Increase soil fertility which results to a good quality product to the farmers.

7. Advantage of biofertilizers Renewable source of nutrients Sustain soil health Supplement chemical fertilizers. Replace 25-30% chemical fertilizers Increase the grain yields by 10-40%. Decompose plant residues, and stabilize C:N ratio of soil Improve texture, structure and water holding capacity of soil No adverse effect on plant growth and soil fertility.

8. BIOPESTICIDES

9. BIOPESTICIDE Bio pesticides are biochemical pesticides that are naturally occurring substances that control pests by nontoxic mechanisms. Biopesticides are certain types of pesticides derived from such natural materials as animals, plants, bacteria, and certain minerals. All the living organism which are cultivated in the laboratory on large scale and are used and exploited experimentally for the control of harmful organism.

10. THREE MAJOR CLASSES OF PESTICIDES

11. 1. Microbial pesticides Consist of a microorganism (e.g., a bacterium, fungus, virus, or protozoan) as the active ingredient. Microbial pesticides can control many different kinds of pests, although each separate active ingredient is relatively specific for its target pest. For example, there are fungi that control certain weeds, and other fungi that kill specific insects.

12. Are pesticidal substances that plants produce from genetic material that has been added to the plant. For example, scientists can take the gene for the Bt pesticidal protein and introduce the gene into the plant's own genetic material. 2. Plant pesticides

13. 3. Biochemical pesticides Are naturally occurring substances that control pests by non-toxic mechanisms. Conventional pesticides, by contrast, are generally synthetic materials that directly kill or inactivate the pest. Biochemical pesticides include substances, such as insect sex pheromones, that interfere with mating, as well as various scented plant extracts that attract insect pests to traps.

14. THE ADVANTAGES OF USING BIOPESTICIDES Biopesticides are usually inherently less toxic than conventional pesticides. Cheap, renewable can be handled safely. Difficult for insects to develop resistance to these pesticides.

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