biofloc.pptx

HAFIZ M WASEEM
B.SC
MSC Zoology
M.PHIL Zoology
pakistan
fish seed hatchery bahawalpur

1. Biofloc Fish Technology Fish Seed Hatchery Bahawalpur Pakistan Hafiz M Waseem B.Sc Bahawudin University Multan M.Sc Zoology University Of Education Lahore M.Phil Zoology University Of Agriculture Failsalabad

2. WHAT IS BIOFLOC? The biofloc is a protein rich macro-aggregate of organic material and micro-organisms including diatoms, bacteria, protozoa, algae, fecal pellets, remains of dead organisms and other invertebrates. 2

3. WHAT IS BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY? Works on the basic principle of flocculation within the system ( Avnimelech 2009). Biofloc technology has been successfully implemented in aquaculture specially tilapia and shrimp farming. Biofloc technology is a technique of improving water quality in intensive aquaculture through balancing carbon and nitrogen in the system. The basic requirement for biofloc system operation include high stocking density, high aeration and lined ponds. It has basically two major roles i.e. water quality maintenance and providing nutrients ( Emerenciano et al ., 2013). A crucial factor in this system is the control of biofloc in tanks/ ponds during operation. 3

4. CARBON TO NITROGEN RATIO C:N = 15 : 1 ( Emerenciano et al., 2017) C: N = 20:1 ( Intech , 2017) EXTERNAL SOURCES OF CARBON Rice Molasses Corn Starch Sugar ( Intech , 2017) 4

5. 5 Carbon-Nitrogen (CN) Ratio with Zero Water Exchange The CN Ratio Calculation is based on Fish Feed Protein Percentage and the below chart shows the CN Ratio of the feed materials ( Avnimelech , 2009). Protein Percentage (%)          CN Ratio 15                                             21.5 20                                            16.1 25                                            12.9 30                                             10.8 35                                            9.2 40                                            8.1 As per the reported literature, the CN Ratio of 10:1 and 15:1 are more successful. It has been reported that CN Ratio of 10:1 does not require even water exchange.

6. CONCEPT OF BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY 6

7. WHY BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY? Low investment Production of approximately 600 kgs of Bio-mass within 5-6 months (tilapia culture). Suitable for tropical conditions. Preferably, tilapia and shrimps are being cultured under biofloc setup. 7

8. GOALS OF BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY Intensive Aquaculture Expansion To develop sustainable aquaculture systems To support economic and social sustainability 8

9. SUITABLE CULTUREABLE SPECIES A basic factor in designing a biofloc system is the species to be cultured. Biofloc system is most suitable for species that can tolerate high solids concentration in water and generally tolerant of poor water quality. Species such as tilapia and shrimps have physiological adaptations that allow them to consume biofloc and digest microbial protein. 9

10. SUMMARY OF REPORTED ESTIMATES OF PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE FROM VARIOUS BIOFLOC SYSTEMS System Stocking density Aeration (hp/ha) Sustainable feeding rate (kg/ha/day) Carrying capacity Shrimp pond 125-150PL/ m 2 25-35 400-500 20-25t/ha Tilapia 20-25 fingerlings/ m 3 130-150 1750-2000 15-20kg/ m 3 (Hargreaves, 2013) 10

11. TYPES OF BIOFLOC SYSTEM There are two basic types of biofloc systems i-e. system exposed to natural light and system not exposed to sunlight. 1. Green water biofloc / Outdoor system 2. Brown water biofloc / Indoor system 11

12. Green water biofloc : Biofloc systems are exposed to natural light include outdoor, lined ponds or tanks for the culture of shrimp or tilapia under greenhouses. Brown water biofloc : Some biofloc systems (tanks) have been installed inside closed buildings with no exposure to natural light. 12

13. WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS Dissolved oxygen (Above 4 mg L -1 ) Temperature (28-30 C for tropical species) pH (6.8-8.0) Total ammonia nitrogen (Less than 1 mg L -1 ) Nitrite (Less than 1 mg L -1 ) Nitrate (0.5-20 mg L -1 ) Orthophosphate (0.5-20 mg L -1 ) Alkalinity ( Above 100 mg L -1 ) ( Emerenciano , 2020) 13

14. MECHANISM OF BIOFLOC FORMATION The flocculation of microbial communities is a complex process. Within the floc’s matrix a combination of physical, chemical and biological phenomena is operating. The exact mechanisms and methods to engineer microbiological flocs remain largely unknown. These structures form a matrix that encapsulates the microbial cells and play a major role in binding the floc components together. They are typically made up out of polysaccharides, protein, humic compounds, nucleic acids and lipids. 14

15. 15 Floc measurement using Imhoff cone Ideal: 5–15 mL L −1 (shrimp), 5–20 mL L −1 (tilapia fingerlings) and 20–50 mL L −1 (juveniles and adult tilapia)

16. APPLICATION OF BIOFLOC IN BREEDING Biofloc is a rich lipid-protein source which could be utilized by the first stages of shrimps brood stocks for the gonads formation and ovary development. Furthermore, production of brood stock under biofloc technology could be located in small areas close to hatchery facilities, preventing spread of diseases caused by transportation. Biofloc technology could enhance spawning performance as compared to the conventional pond and tank- reared system, respectively i.e. high number of eggs per spawn and high spawning rate. 16

17. APPLICATION OF BIOFLOC IN AQUAPONICS Aquaponics is a sustainable food production system that combines a traditional aquaculture with hydroponics in a symbiotic environment. Nowadays, biofloc technology has been successfully applied in Aquaponics. The presence of rich biota (microorganisms of biofloc ) and a variety of nutrients such as micro and macro-nutrients originated from un-eaten or non-digested feed seemed to contribute in plant nutrition. However, high concentration of solids may cause excessive adhesion of microorganism on plant roots ( biofilm ) causing its damage, lowering oxygenation and poor growth. 17

18. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY Advantages: 1. Zero water exchange- less than 100% exchange for whole culture period. 2. Production (carrying capacity) 5-10% above than traditional system. 3. FCR low between 1.0 to 1.3. 4. Production cost lowered by around 15-20%. 18

19. Disadvantages: 1. High energy input 2. Power failure critically maximum upto one hour at any time (better zero hour failure) 3. Technology similar but more advance therefore, requires trained technicians. 19

20. REFERENCES Avnimelech , Y., 2009. Biofloc Technology- A practical guide book. The World Aquaculture Society. Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States. 182pp. M. Emerenciano , G. Cuzon , M. Arevalo , M.M. Miquelajauregui , G. Gaxiola . Effect of short term fresh food supplementation on reproductive performance, biochemical composition, and fatty acid profile of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone ) reared under biofloc conditions. Aquaculture International, 21 (2013), pp. 98-1007. M.G.C. Emerenciano , L.R. Martinez- Baeza . Biofloc technology: A tool for water quality management in aquaculture. Intech (2017). D. G. Emerson, G. Mauricio, E. Coelho. Biofloc technology adjusting the levels of digestible proteins and digestible energy in diets of Nile tilapia juveniles raised in brackish water. Aquaculture and Fisheries (2020). John A. Hargreaves. Biofloc production system for Aquculture . Southern Regional Aquaculture Center (2013). 20 D