Biofuel

About Bio-fuels, a alternative source of fuel.

1. BIOFUELS AN ALERNATE FUEL

2. contents INTRODUCTION IMPORTANCE FEEDSTOCK CLASSIFICATION TYPES ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE CONCLUSION

3. WHAT ARE BIOFUELS Bio fuels are liquid fuel that have been developed from other materials such as plants or animal waste matter. It is produced from biological processes, such as anaerobic process. They are considered as alternate source of energy.

4. Why biofuel Biofuels production and consumption ensures that the natural carbon cycle to be achieved which completely eliminate the continuous increase in carbondioxdie rates in the atmosphere which in turns will have the greatest effect on the environment and a way to end global warming. For ex, A crop of plants used to produce a barrel of biofuel will absorb exactly the same amount of carbondioxdie as emitted from the burning of the barrel produced.

5. Importance of biofuel Peak oil Finite fossil fuel Carbon footprint Energy security Cleaner from more sustainable fuel source Less emissions

6. Biofuel feedstock

7. Classification of biofuel

8. Common types of biofuel

9. BIOETHANOL Bioethanol is an alcohol made by fermentation, mostly from carbohydrates present in sugar or starch crops such as corn or sugarcane. Cellulosic biomass derived from non food sources such as trees and grasses, is also being developed as feedstock for ethanol production. Used to substitute petrol fuel for road transport. One of the widely used alternative automotive fuel in world(Brazil & U.S.A are largest producers) Much more environment friendly and low toxicity level.

10. bioethanol

11. Production of bioethanol

12. Ad- disadvantage of bioethanol Advantage Disadvantage Ethanol is renewable sources. Ethanol burns more clean in air than petroleum. The use of ethanol reduce carbondioxdie emission. Reduces greenhouse gases. Decrease in ozone formation. Large amount of deforestation Typical current engines would require modification. Expensive. Cold start difficulties.

13. APPLICATION OF BIOETHANOL Transport fuel to replace gasoline. Fuel for power generation by thermal combustion. Fuels in cogeneration system. Blending ethanol with small amount of gasoline is most cost effective.

14. biodiesel Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel, is made from biological renewable sources such as vegetable oils and fats. Similar to petroleum diesel fuel structure (straight chain ) and number of carbon atoms (10 to 21). The biodiesel can be prepared from transesterification .

15. Biodiesel production

16. biodiesel

17. Ad-disadvantage Advantage Disadvantage Can be used for pure diesel B100. Has shorter ignition delay. It has no sulfur content, hence there is no formation of acid rain. It has good lubricating properties than other diesel oil. It is more expensive than other diesel. It release nitrogen oxide that can form smog. It has significant problem with biodiesel. Food shortage can be occurred.

18. Application of biodiesel Railway usage Aircraft usage As a heating oil Cleaning oil slips Biodiesel in generators vehicles

19. biogas A mixture of CH4 ,CO2 and other gases. It is used as domestic purpose. Obtained from cow manure, agriculture waste. Biogas is produced by the breakdown of organic waster by bacteria without oxygen anaerobic digestion.

20. Two types of anaerobic digestion Mesophilic process : at temp 25-38 deg c for 14 to 30 days. Thermophilic process : at temp 50-60 deg c for 12- 14 days.

21. Biogas production

22. There are four process occurs in biogas plant Hydrolysis: complex organic matter is decomposed into simple soluble organic molecules using water. Fermentation: formation of intermediary products such as short chain fatty acids,(hydrogen producing and acteogenic organisms). Acetogenesis : acetate production (hydrogen- producing, hydrogen-consuming organisms. Methanogenesis : methane production (methane forming bacteria).

23. Advantages of biofuel Reduce air and water pollution. More environmentally friendly fertilizers. Reduced green house gas emissions. Concerns about waste management in agriculture and food industries. Energy seurity .

24. Application of biofuel Cooking Lighting Fuel for engine

25. Advantage of biofuels Renewable Reduce green hose gas Energy security Easy to source lower level of plooution

26. Disadvantage of biofuels High cost of production Industrial pollution Future rise in price Shortage of food Use of fertilizer

27. conclusion Reduces wastes. Cleaner air. New agriculture markets. Improve balance of payments. Global warming reduction Benefit developing nations.