biological and catalytic chemicals from cellulose.ppt

production of chemicals from cellulose

1. Biological and Catalytic
Conversion of Biomass to
Biofuels and Chemicals
Jingguang Chen
Chemical Engineering

2. 200 nm
McCann et al. 1990 J. Cell Sci.96, 323-334
Molecular Architecture of Plant Cell Walls
(lignocellulosicbiomass)

3. Lignin and Cellulose Molecules
3
•Average molecular composition, soft maple lignin: CH
1.2O
0.27
–Cellulose composition: CH
1.7O
0.83
•Up to 30% of the mass of wood, and 40% of the energy content
•Wood processing plants produce 50 million tons of lignin waste
annually
Holladay et al. “Top Value-Added Chemicals from Biomass: Volume II-Results of Screening Potential Candidates from Biorefinery Lignin.” Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory. October 2007.

4. Converting Biomass Using BiorefineryConcept
R. Agrawaland N. Singh, AIChEJournal, 55, 1898 (2009)

5. Biological Conversion of Cellulose to Biofuel
McCann et al.

6. Chemistry of Biodiesel
Source: Gerpen, J. V. (2005). "Biodiesel Processing and Production." Fuel Processing Technology86:
1097-1107.

8. Hierarchical
Multiscale
Materials
Multiscale
Modeling
Characterization
techniques
Chemicals Catalytic Fast PyrolysisDirect Carbon FCs
Technological
Platform
Crosscutting
Research
Thrust
Reaction Pathways, Kinetics, Structure-Property RelationshipsScience
Process Innovation, OptimizationProcessing
Chemicals Fuels Electricity
UD Energy Frontier Research Center
Reforming
H
2

9. Thermal Conversion of Lignin to Jet Fuel
9
Huber, GW. “Catalysis for Production of JP-8 Range Molecules from Lignocellulosic Biomass.” 12 March 2009.
UD collaborators: Prof. Lobo, Chemical Engineering

10. ThermochemicalTransformation of
LignocellulosicBiomass
Traditional paths entail high temperatures and suffer from carbon
CPOX forms no carbon
Biomass
Pyrolysis
High T
Oil
Char
Tar
Fuel
Cat. upgrade
Syngas
Char
Gasification
Methanol
Synfuel
CPOX Syngas
Very high T

11. 3 mm
CPOX of Cellulose
Dauenhauer (UMass) and Schmidt (UMN)

12. Sorbitol
HO
O
HO
OH
OH
OH
Glucose
Mannitol
Hydrolysis
isomerization
H
2
Hydrogenation
OH
OH
Ethylene glycol
+
other
polyols
OH
HO
O
O
HO
OH
O
OH
n
Cellulose
O
H2O
Fructose
CH
2OH
O
CH2OH
OH
OH
HO
H
2
Hydrogenation
OH
OH
OH
OHOH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OHOH
OH
-H
2O
Dehydration
H
2
Hydrogenation
H
2
Hydrogenolysis
Light alkanes
CO
2, etc.
H
+
C-C cleavage+oxdation
Organic acids
(unidentified)
O
OH O
O
OH OH
HMF DHM-THF
OH Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose to Chemicals
Conversion of cellulose to ethylene glycol on Ni-WC & Ni-W
2C:
Na et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. (2008); Catalysis Today (2009)