Biological buffer

Buffer is a mixture of weak acid and salt of conjugate base that resist the change in pH upon the addition of acid or base.�BUFFER + H+ H+ BUFFER.
TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL BUFFER��1. Bicarbonate Buffer�2. Phosphate Buffer�3.Protein Buffer�4. Haemoglobin

1. BIOLOGICAL BUFFER BY MONIKA KUMARI ROLL NO. 02 DEPT: BIOTECNOLOGY

2. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Description 3. Conclusion 4. References

3. BUFFER Buffer is a mixture of weak acid and salt of conjugate base that resist the change in pH upon the addition of acid or base. BUFFER + H + H+ BUFFER

4. IMPORTANCE OF BIOLOGICAL BUFFER 1.To maintain homeostatis . 2.To regulates enzymatic function. 3.To control pH in biochemical reaction .

5. TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL BUFFER 1. Bicarbonate Buffer 2. Phosphate Buffer 3.Protein Buffer 4. Haemoglobin

6. BICARBONATE BUFFER SYSTEM weak acid H 2 CO 3 bicarbonate salt NaHCO 3 CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 3 H + + HCO 3 -

7. Transport of co 2 between RBC &plasma

8. PHOSPHATE BUFFER The Main Elements Of The Phosphate Buffer System Are H 2 PO 4 AND HPO 4 2- HCl +Na 2 HPO 4 NaH 2 PO 4 + NaCl NaOH+NaH 2 PO 4 Na 2 HPO 4 + H 2 O

9. PHOSPHATE BUFFER IS IMPORTANT IN TUBULAR FLUIDS BY KIDNEY FOR TWO REASON- 1.concentration of phosphate is more in tubles 2. tubular fluid has low pH

10. PROTEIN BUFFER SYSTEM Protein are made up of amino acids. amino acid have a central carbon atom with four groups of it: 1.Carboxyl Group (COOH) 2.Amino Group (NH 2 ) 3.Hydrogen Atom 4.R Group

11. -the carboxyl and amino groups act as buffer system for acidic and basic condition -at neutral pH the carboxyl ion is present as COO - instead of COOH -acidic medium becomes COOH -basic medium become COO -

12. -at neutral pH the amino group is NH 3 + rather than just NH 2 -acidic medium becomes NH 3 + -basic medium becomes NH 2

13. HAEMOGLOBIN BUFFER - Histidine in haemoglobin molecule contain imidazole,which contains two groups:Fe group concerned with carriage of oxygen & imidazole nitrogen group is responsible for buffering property of haemoglobin . -Responsible for buffering most of co2 added to blood by tissues.

14. RESPIRATORY REGULATION co 2 is formed in body by metabolic processess diffuses from cell into blood transport to lungs into alveoli transported to atmosphere by pulmonary ventilation. 1.2 MOL/L of dissolved CO 2 is present in the ecf corresponding to PCO 2 of 40 MM/HG.

15. RENAL MECHANISM OF ACID BASE REGULATION kidney regulate the blood P H by a)Absorption of filtered b)manufacture of H + -formation of titrable acid Na 2 HPO 4 Na + + Na + +HPO 4 - + H + NaH 2 PO 4 (EXCRETED) + Na + (reabsorbed as NaHCO 3 )

16. -under condition of acidosis Na –lactate + H + lactic acid + Na+ - formation of NH4+

17. Representation of acid base equillibrium by the kidney by ammonia mechanism

18. DISORDER OF ACID BASE REGULATION Respiratory Acidosis Respiratory Alkalosis Metabolic Acidosis Metabolic Alkalosis

19. CONCLUSION From the study of biological buffer we can conclude that bicarbonate and protein is a significant buffer, the main buffering site for protein in cells and tissues but even in blood it act as a buffer consuming H+ producing due to the dissociation of the carbonic acid into hydrogen bicarbonate .

20. REFERENCES 1. Guyton A.C and Hall J.E 2006 . A textbook of Medical Physiology.383-399 2. Chatterjee C.C 2010 Human Physiology 3.1 – 3.7 3.Mohan C. Buffer: A guide for the preparation & use of buffer in biological system

21. THANK YOU