biological control of early blight disease

One endophytic bacterial strain SEB1 (Lab isolate) having very good antifungal potential was used as biocontrol agent for controlling the isolated early blight pathogen EBP3

1. Biocontrol of early blight disease of
tomato

2. Early Blight Early Blight
caused by:caused by:
Alternaria solani
•

Tomato Diseases :Tomato Diseases :
Bacterial WiltBacterial Wilt
Caused by:
Ralstonia
solanacearum
. Late bright Late bright
caused by:caused by:
Phytophthora
infestans

3. Septoria leaf spotSeptoria leaf spot
caused by: Septoria
lycopersici.
Leaf Mold Leaf Mold caused
by:Passalora fulva
Bacterial Spot Bacterial Spot
caused by:
bacterium
Xanthomonas

4. Tomato Pith Tomato Pith
Necrosis Necrosis caused
by :Pectobacteriu
m carotovorum

Buckeye Rot Buckeye Rot caused
by:Phytophthora
nicotianae .
AnthracnoseAnthracnose
caused by: a group
of fungi within the
genus
Colletotrichum

5. Fusarium WiltFusarium Wilt
caused
by:Fusarium
oxysporum.
Southern Blight Southern Blight
caused by: Athelia
rolfsii
Seedling Seedling
Disease Disease
(Damping-off)(Damping-off)
caused by :
Pythium and
Rhizoctonia

6. Tomato Spotted Tomato Spotted
WiltWilt
caused by: tiny
insects called
thrips
Tomato Yellow Leaf Tomato Yellow Leaf
CurlCurl
caused by:whiteflies.
Blossom End Blossom End
Rot:Rot:The cause of
this disorder is a
calcium deficiency
in the developing
fruit.

7. Chemical control of tomatoes diseasesChemical control of tomatoes diseases
•Azoxystrobin
•Chlorothalonil
•Cymoxanil
•Dimethomorph
•Mancozeb
•Copper hydroxide
•Mefenoxam+mancozeb
•MyclobutanilFosetyle-al
•Propamocarb
•Pyraclostrobin
•Tebuconazole
•Thiophanate methyl
•Flusilazole
•Carbendazim
•Propineb
•Streptomycin
•Difenoconazole

8. Hazards of using chemical control :
•Chemical hazards and toxic substances pose a wide range of health hazards (such as irritation, sensitization,
and carcinogenicity) and physical hazards (such as flammability, corrosion, and explosibility).
•Skin irritation, dermatitis or skin cancer
•Injuries to hands and eyes from contact with corrosive liquids such as acids / bases
•Lung diseases following exposure to dusty environments such as respirable dust, wood dust or flour dust
•Death or injury from exposure to toxic gas, e.g. chlorine, ammonia, carbon monoxide.

9. •Mutagens cause genetic changes to a cell’s DNA and RNA. Genetic
changes can cause cancer, prevent normal biological functions, or may
result in the malfunction of a particular organ.
•Climate Change
•Air Pollution and Extreme Weather Events
•Water Scarcity and Soil Degradation
•Land Use Changes and Habitat Fragmentation
•Water Pollution

10. Biological Control

11. Examples of fungal biocontrol agents
•Trichoderma 
spp. is a group of fungi. It works against a wide range of plant pathogens, such
as
 
Fusarium.
 
Trichoderma 
is one of the most popular microbial biopesticides
(Haouhach ., et al ).
•Purpureocillium lilacinum
 
is a fungus that targets several species of plant parasitic nematodes. It
helps control notably the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) and the potato cyst nematode
(Globodera pallida)(Anwar and Anish)

12. Examples of bacterial bioprotection agentsExamples of bacterial bioprotection agents
•Most of the bacterial biopesticides are from the
 
Bacillus
 
genus.
 
Bacillus 
species can be active
against an entire order of pests (beetles, moths, etc.) (Begum ., et al )
•Bacillus thuringiensis 
(
Bt) is the most commercially used bacterium for insect control. The strain
of
 
Bt 
determines which pest species are targeted
(Kurt ., et al).
•For example, we can use the
 
B. thurigiensis 
var. 
kurstakii
 
to control larvae of Lepidopteran pests
such as
 
Tuta absoluta (Medeiros, etal).
•Bacillus subtilis
 
is an effective agent against numerous plant pathogens. These
include
 
Alternaria 
fungi that can cause powdery mildew. 
Bacillus subtilis 
controls the fungal
diseases by suppressing fungal growth (Ruiz-Sánchez E,etal).
•

13. Tomato Early Blight DiseaseTomato Early Blight Disease
•What is Early Blight?What is Early Blight?
•Early Blight is a plant disease caused by a fungal pathogen called
 
Alternaria Solani.
•Alternaria Solani is known to affect in particular the tomato and potato plants.
•Symptoms
This disease is caused by the fungi Alternaria linariae (formally known as A. solani) and is first
observed on the plants as small, brown lesions mostly on the older foliage
Spots enlarge and concentric rings in a bull’s-eye pattern may be seen in the center of the
diseased area. The tissue surrounding the spots may turn yellow. If high temperature and
humidity occur at this time, much of the foliage is killed. Lesions on the stems are similar to those
on leaves and sometimes girdle the plant if they occur near the soil line (collar rot). On the fruits,
lesions attain considerable size, usually involving nearly the entire fruit. Concentric rings are also
present on the fruit. Infected fruit frequently drops.

15. •Eventually, the sick tomato fruit will fall on the ground.
•If the tomato fruit managed to reach its maturity and was only affected in a small
manner, you can cut off the affected part and consume the rest.
•Plant diseases don’t affect people and the tomato fruits that only present an initial
stage of the disease will only present a tiny black spot at the stem that can easily be
removed.
•The infections with late blight usually produce larger dark brown lesions (look like
rot) on a random area of the tomato fruit and can rapidly extend to the whole
surface of the fruit, destroying it completely.

16. Alternaria solaniAlternaria solani
•Alternaria solani 
is a 
fungal pathogen 
that produces a disease in 
tomato 
and 
potato 
plants
called
 
early blight. The pathogen produces distinctive "bullseye" patterned leaf spots and can
also cause stem lesions and fruit rot on tomato and tuber blight on potato.
•Despite the name "early," foliar symptoms usually occur on older leaves.
 If uncontrolled, early
blight can cause significant yield reductions.
 Primary methods of controlling this disease include
preventing long periods of wetness on leaf surfaces
 and applying 
fungicides.
 
•Early blight can also be caused by
 
Alternaria tomatophila, which is more virulent on stems and
leaves of tomato plants than
 
Alternaria solani.
•Geographically,
 
A. solani 
is problematic in tomato production areas east of the 
Rocky Mountains
 
and in the midwest, however, 
A. solani 
is generally not an issue in the less humid Pacific or inter-
mountain regions.
 
A. solani 
is also present in most potato production regions every year but has a
significant effect on yield only when frequent wetting of foliage favors symptom development.

17. References
•(Haouhach et al., 2020; Zheng et al., 2021; Wang R. et al., 2022).
•(Anwar L. Bilgrami, Anish Khan, in Plant Nematode Biopesticides,
2022)

18. •(Begum et al., 2010; El Komy et al., 2015; Howell, 2002; Mbarga et al., 2012)
•(Kurt et al. 2005; Sezen et al. 2007 and 2008).
•Medeiros, N.A., Burnette, D.T. and Forscher, P. (2006) Myosin II Functions in
Actin-Bundle Turnover in Neuronal Growth Cones. Nature Cell Biology, 8,
216-226.
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1367
•Ruiz-Sánchez E, Mejía-Bautista MA, Serrato-Díaz A, Reyes-Ramírez A,
Estrada-Girón Y, Valencia-Botín AJ. Antifungal activity and molecular
identification of native strains of Bacillus subtilis. Agrociencia. 2016;50:133–
148.

19. Plan of workPlan of work

20. Biocontrol of early bright disease of
tomato
•Isolation and purification of tomato blight pathogen (s).
•Isolation and purification of rhizosphere microorganisms.
•Test of the antagonistic effect of the rhizosphere isolate(s) against the pathogen(s).
•Selection of the most potent antagonistic isolate(s).
•Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the most potent isolate(s).
•Optimization the culture conditions improving the antagonistic process.
•Evaluation the effect of potential isolate(s) on the growth and the resistance of plant grown under greenhouse conditions.
• 
•Submitted by:
•Asmaa Saber Badr
•Supervisors:
• Prof. Dr. Yasser Hamato El Sayed
•Associate Professor of Microbiology, Faculty of science – Kafrelsheikh University
•Dr. Baher Ali El Nogoumy
• Lecturer of Microbiology, Faculty of science – Kafrelsheikh University.
• 

21. مطامطلا يف ةركبملا ةحفللا ضرمل يويحل
Cا مكحتلا
•:لمعلا
ةطخ
•.يتابنلا
ضرملا ببسم ةيقنتو لزع
•.ةبرتلا
نم تابنلا رذجب ةطيحملا ةيرذجلا تابوركيملا ةيقنتو لزع
•.ضرملا
ببسمو ةلوزعملا ةقيقدلا تانئاكلا نم لاك نيب داضتلا ىوق مييقتو ةسارد
•.اينيجو
ايرهظم ضرملا ببسمل اداضت رثكلأا ةيبوركيملا تلالاسلا فيرعت
•.داضتلا
ةيلمع نيسحتل فورظ بسنلأ لوصولل ةراتخملا تابوركيملا ومنل ةيئيبلا فورظلا نيسحت
•.ةيعارزلا
ةبوصلا يف ضرملا ةمواقمو تابنلا ومن ىلع ةراتخملا ةلاعفلا تلالاسلا ريثأت مييقتل يلمعلا قيبطتلا
•ةبلاطلا
•ردب رباص ءامسأ
•:نوفرشملا
•ديسلا
هتدمح رساي /د.م.ا
•مولعلا
ةيلك -يجولويبوركيملاو تابنلا مسق - دعاسملا يجولويبوركيملا ذاتسا
•يموجنلا
يلع رهاب /د
•مولعلا
ةيلك -يجولويبوركيملاو تابنلا مسق -يجولويبوركيملا سردم