Biological theories of aging

1. Biological Theories of Aging Stop the Biological Clock October 23, 2016 Dr. Jeeri R Reddy Sr.   PhD The President Director Research & Development Charles Rivers Institute An Anti-Ageing & Human Longevity Organization   Website: http://www.charlesriverbiotech.org www.charlesrivers.org

2. About Charles Rivers  is an Anti-Aging Human Longevity Organization of America. It's all about STOP BIOLOGICAL CLOCK therapy focused on extending the healthy, high-performance human lifespan. Led by a world-class team of scientific and medical visionaries, our mission is to identify the therapeutically targetable mechanisms responsible for the age-related human biological decline and to apply this intelligence to develop innovative solutions to interrupt or block those processes, meaningfully extending the human lifespan that has not ever been done before. 

3. Biological Aging Defined Aging is a complex biological process in which changes at molecular, cellular, and organ levels result in a progressive, inevitable, and inescapable decrease in the body's ability to respond appropriately to internal and/or external stressors .

4. Myths About Aging – Physiological Aspects Most adults past age 65 are so physically incapacitated that they must depend to a great extent on other people. Taking large doses of antioxidants (or ginseng, selenium, pantothenic acid or vitamin C) will extend the length of your life. Best Available Evidence Most of our bodily functions reach their maximum capacity prior to or during early adulthood and begin a gradual decline thereafter. Age related physical changes do not occur according to a strict timetable. Adults age at different rates, and such groupings as “the elderly” are more heterogeneous than is commonly believed. Helplessness and dependency are not characteristic of old age. Some 87% of adults over 65 are able to cope more than adequately with the demands of everyday living . There are no drugs, pills, powders, vitamins, dietary supplements, or diets with PROVEN anti-aging capacities. Myth Our physiological processes remain at a fairly constant level of efficiency until we approach old age, at which time they undergo a drastic decline. Most adults proceed at much the same rate through a series of similar physical changes.

5. Theories of Aging have been around for more than 2000 years. Galen (A.D. 129 –c. 199) -Thought that aging was due to changes in body humors that began in early life -These changes caused a slow increase in dryness and coldness of the body Roger Bacon (c. 1220-1292) One of the first to suggest a “wear and tear” theory Aging is the result of abuses and insults to the body system Good hygiene might slow the aging process Charles Darwin (1809-1892) Attributed aging to the loss of irritability in the nervous and muscular tissue

6. Overview of three types of modern biological theories of aging: Genetic Cellular theories Non genetic cellular theories Physiological System Theories Sleep theories

7. Genetic Cellular theories Substantial evidence suggests that the life span of plants and animals is under genetic control. Mammals all seem to have relatively fixed life spans. At the same time, considerable diversity exists among different species. This marked species variability and specificity in longevity lend support to the notion of genetic control of life span. Theories that attribute aging to an innate genetic program, much like a built in biological clock

8. Genetic Cellular theories Findings that imply that cellular aging is programmed by our genes: Humans with long lived parents and grandparents live an average of 6 years longer than those whose parents die before the age of 50. Human body cells grown in tissue cultures are able to divide only about 50 times, after which they age and die. The reproductive capacity of cells taken from old animals is even more limited; these cells can undergo only about one half as many divisions as those obtained from young animals.

9. Genetic Cellular theories Because a direct relationship exists between the life span of a species and the capacity of its cells to divide, this suggests that age related changes are programmed into the genes of each species. Thus, Genetic Cellular theories attribute aging to changes in 2 kinds of molecules: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)

10. Genetic Cellular Theories DNA – controls the formation of proteins required by the cell to maintain life RNA – transfers information from the DNA molecules to another location in the cell where proteins are assembled

11. Genetic Cellular theories – DNA Damage Theory Damage to the DNA molecules is responsible for aging Caused by exposure to radiation or harmful cellular mutations

12. Genetic Cellular theories – DNA Damage Theory Important Contraindications: Mutations and radiation affect dividing cells, whereas the physiological effects of aging are due primarily to cells that are no longer able to divide. Mutations occur too slowly to account for the pronounced physiological changes that occur with increasing age Damage to DNA molecules is usually reversible because most cells contain appropriate repair mechanisms

13. Genetic Cellular Theories – Error Theory Errors in RNA transmission produce a protein or enzyme that is not an exact copy of the original, thus it cannot carry out its function in maintaining life. As a result, cells grow older and die, and so do we. Errors are likely because RNA molecules are relatively unstable and formed continuously, whereas DNA molecules are highly stable and maintained throughout the lifespan of a cell Recent findings suggest possible relationships between somatic mutations and age related illnesses such as certain types of cancer

14. Non Genetic Cellular Theories AKA “Wear and Tear Theories” Attribute aging to progressive cell damage caused by the internal and external environment, rather than to an innate genetic program With the passage of time, changes occur in the cells that impair their effectiveness. Thus, aging is due to progressive damage .

15. Non Genetic Cellular Theories – Cross Linkage Theory With age, our proteins, DNA and other structural molecules develop inappropriate attachments or cross-links to one another. These unnecessary links or bonds decrease the mobility or elasticity of proteins and other molecules. Proteins that are damaged or no longer needed are normally broken down by enzymes, but the presence of cross-linkages inhibits the activity of the enzymes. These damaged and unneeded proteins, therefore, stick around and can cause problems.

16. Physiological System Theories Attributes aging to the gradual failure of certain physiological systems and to the resulting inability of these systems to coordinate important bodily functions In order for the body to function properly, both cellular functions and organ systems have to be carefully integrated and coordinated When one or more of the regulatory systems of the body breaks down, the organism eventually dies

17. Physiological System Theories – Immunological Theories Autoimmune Theory : The body loses its ability to distinguish between foreign agents/antigens and necessary body cells. The immune system becomes self-destructive and reacts against itself. Examples of autoimmune disease are lupus, scleroderma and adult-onset diabetes

18. Physiological System Theories – Neuroendocrine Theory Some researchers speculate that our “biological clock” resides in the hypothalamus and controls the rate of aging.

19. Life Lengthening Behaviours Psychological and social factors are important determinants of human longevity (ex. personality, marital status, social relationships, depression etc.) Empirical evidence indicates that your chances of remaining healthy and living longer depend to a considerable extent on your own behaviour.

20. You and Your Biological Clock – HELATHY SLEEP Finding Your Sleep/Wake Rhythm launch interactive Two internal systems interact to regulate when we sleep and when we are awake. These systems are the sleep/wake homeostat, which monitors our need for sleep based on how long we have been awake; and the circadian system, which regulates the cycling of numerous functions, including when we sleep and wake, every 24 hours. These two systems usually counterbalance each other. However, because they operate independently, they can become misaligned. During jet lag or shift work, for instance, we might experience an alerting signal when trying to sleep, or, conversely, a powerful drive to sleep when we need to be awake. Take a tour of these systems, and then explore factors that disrupt their normal interaction. Harvard University

21. SOLUTIONS TO TACKLE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK Anti-Aging

22. Example 1 - Hydrolyzed COLLAGEN for Anti-Aging Collagen: The Cure For Aging? Once we hit our mid-20s, our collagen levels begin to decline. As compared to those in their 20s, people in their 80s have about four times the collagen breakdown. That’s why age brings wrinkles, creases, and saggy areas around the mouth and neck. Our bodies produce collagen in the underlying layer of the skin, the dermis. Think of it as a mattress and our outer skin, the epidermis, like bed sheets. When collagen starts to break down, we end up with an old, saggy “mattress” that wrinkles the sheets. We require taking Hydrolyzed collagen - https:// www.youtube.com / watch?v =S02GMfSlJlU

23. Anti-Oxidants Human aging: usual and successful Charles Rivers Biotech Research in aging has emphasized average age-related losses and neglected the substantial heterogeneity. The effects of the aging process itself have been exaggerated, and the modifying effects of diet, exercise, personal habits, and psychosocial factors underestimated.

24. Within the category of normal aging, a distinction can be made between usual aging, in which extrinsic factors heighten the effects of aging alone, and successful aging, in which extrinsic factors play a neutral or positive role .

25. Our Research strategies to modify them should help elucidate how a transition from usual to successful aging can be facilitated.

26. For Example 2 - WILLOW BARK  Specific extract of willow bark (Salix alba), as “the most  potent longevity-extending pharmacological intervention yet described in scientific literature.”  One of the study found that the willow bark extract increased the average chronological lifespan of yeast by 475%.  

27. " Let thy Food be thy Medicine and thy Medicine be thy Food" . 

28.   Charles River Anti-Aging organization objectives  are to tackle some of the most vexing diseases like cancer , heart disease and diabetes. We are blazing a new trail in science , medicine and research and we need people who , like us , want to change the world . Our scientific and medical teams are impatient for the healthcare of the future . That is why we are working to change the way the life-style change  through our nature-focused , preventive , therapeutic model.

29. We are seeking world-class people who share our passion and want to play an integral role in executing this new company’s vision by join us as life member of our organization and benefitted to live longer and healthier . 

30. Do these countries hold the secret to a long and healthy life ? Read the article at http:// www.cnn.com/2015/12/11/health/oldest-countries-secret-longer-life

31. http:// news.nationalgeographic.com /2015/04/150412-longevity-health-blue-zones-obesity-diet-ngbooktalk/ Here Are the Secrets to a Long and Healthy Life Diet is the key to longevity—but also sex, naps, wine, and good friends.

32. https:// www.verywell.com /longer-life-expectancy-4013489 HEALTHY AGING How to Age Healthily and Live to 100 Live well into your golden years with these healthy tips on aging and disease prevention. Learn what you can do to increase longevity and improve your quality of life.

33. HEALTHY AGING Preventing Age-Related Illness Age-related diseases and illness like diabetes, stroke, cancer and heart disease can be prevented through lifestyle changes. Start your prevention plan now.

34. Prevention Anti-Aging Foods Solutions for Aging Problems Life Expectancy Statistics How to Live to 100 Keep Looking Good Top Exotic Foods Anti-Aging Science Skin A ging Exercise and Fitness Why We Age Promote Mental Health Longest Living People Optimizing Medical Care Obesity and Longevity Healthy Aging Counseling

35. Get Started We can help you meet the challenges of aging Get Involved CENTER FOR HEALTHY AGING In an association with