BIOLOGIGAL_HAZARDOUS_pptBIOLOGIGAL_HAZARDOUS_ppt

Biological Hazards

1. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS OCCUPATIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL TOXICOLOGY

2. Introduction Types of Biological Hazards Exposure of Hazards Enter into Body How Biological Hazards are Spread Level of biological hazard Controlling Exposure to Biological Hazards Some occupation and diseases Conclusion CONTENTS 2 By. Sachin kashanwal

3. Biological hazards, also known as biohazards, refer to biological substances that pose a threat to the health of living organism, especially that of humans. These hazards can be encountered anywhere in the environment, including home, school or work. The biohazard symbol was developed in 1966 by Charles Baldwin, an environmental health engineer. INTODUCTION 3 By. Sachin kashanwal

4. Biological hazards can be put into different categories:- Bacteria :- microscopic organisms that live in soil, water or the bodies of plants and animals and are characterized by lack of distinct nucleus and the inability to photosynthesize. Examples are E Coli, TB, and Tetanus. Viruses :- are a group of pathogens that consist mostly of nucleic acids and that lack cellular structure. Viruses are totally dependent on their hosts for replication. Examples are common cold, influenza, measles, SARS, Hantavirus, and rabies Fungi :- any major group of lower plants that lack chlorophyll and live on dead or other living organisms. Examples are mould, rust, mildew, smut, yeast, and mushrooms. Types of Biological Hazards 4 By. Sachin kashanwal

5.  Biological hazards can enter the body in many ways. When determining appropriate protective measures, measures are clear understanding of how it can enter the body. Inhalation through breathing. Absorption direct contact through breaks in the skin, even chapped skin, or through mucous membranes/ contact with eyes, nose, mouth. Ingestion through swallowing. Injection through a puncture. Exposure of Biological Hazards into Body 5 By. Sachin kashanwal

6. Biohazard Disease Spread Controls Bacteria Pink Eye Human To Human Do not share eye makeup; Hands wash Virus Hepatitis A Human To Human Do not ingest contaminated water or food; avoid direct contact with infected person Virus Hepatitis B Human To Human Immunization; avoid contact with infected people; avoid tattooing and body piercing dispose of sharps in disposal container. Virus Hepatitis C Human To Human Avoid direct contact with infected person; avoid tattooing and body piercing; follow standard precautions Virus Measles Human to human Contact spread by cough and nasal droplets Immunization; avoid direct contact with infected people How Biological Hazard spread? 6 By. Sachin kashanwal

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8. By. Sachin kashanwal 8 OCCUPATIONS AND DISEASES Hepatitis, cold, flu Salmonella, e coli Hepatitis B,C, HIV CONTACT SOURCE DISEASE

9. By. Sachin kashanwal 9 Biological Risk Assessment Risk assessment is the process of evaluating risks to workers’ safety and health from workplace hazards. A risk assessment is a systematic examination of all aspects of the work undertaken to consider what could cause injury or harm, whether the hazards could be eliminated, and if not what preventive or protective measures are, or should be, in place to control the risks. For most businesses, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, a straightforward five-step approach (incorporating elements of risk management) such as the one presented below should work well. 

10. By. Sachin kashanwal 10 Step 1. Identifying hazards and those at riskLooking for those things at work that have the potential to cause harm, and identifying workers who may be exposed to the hazards. Step 2. Evaluating and prioritising risksEstimating the existing risks in terms of severity and probability of possible harm and prioritising them in order of importance. Step 3. Deciding on preventive actionIdentifying the appropriate measures to eliminate or control the risks. Step 4. Taking actionPutting in place the preventive and protective measures through a prioritisation plan. Step 5. Monitoring and reviewing

11. There are three approaches to control hazards. The first consideration for controlling biological hazards is to look at engineering controls. If a hazard cannot be eliminated through engineering methods a second approach to controlling hazards is administrative. Then, if exposure to a hazard cannot be prevented with either engineering or administrative controls then PPE is necessary. By. Sachin kashanwal 11 Controlling Exposure to Biological Hazards

12. By. Sachin kashanwal 12 Method of Controlling Hazard

13. These controls are the first line of defense and include built in protection in building, work areas, equipment or supplies. Examples are:- Ventilation systems and construction seals to create negative pressure rooms Bio-safety hoods, with specific ventilation systems By. Sachin kashanwal 13 Engineering Controls:-

14. These controls are steps in work procedures or work processes that minimize the risk of exposure to a hazard. This type if control does not eliminate a hazard but can significantly reduces the risk of injury. Examples are:- Worker training Rules that require regular hand washing By. Sachin kashanwal 14 Administrative Controls:-

15. When a hazard poses a threat, even after engineering and administrative controls have been implemented, then PPE is necessary. Then PPE methods can protect you from biohazard. PPE to be effective it must be worn correctly and must be comfortable and fitted for each person. Workers must be trained properly so that it is worn when needed. By. Sachin kashanwal 15 Personal Protective Equipment:-

16. Biological hazards are organisms or groups of organisms that may cause health issues to humans. These hazards are very dangerous and have to be taken seriously by employees and employers. There are three types of biological hazards including bacteria, viruses and fungi. All three types can cause illnesses such as hepatitis (virus), tuberculosis (bacteria) and athlete's foot (fungi). Inhalation, absorption, ingestion, and injection are ways these types of hazards can enter the body. By. Sachin kashanwal 16 Conclusion

17. http://www.osha.mddsz.gov.si/resources/files/pdf/53_risk-assessment-biological-agents.pdf http://www.oshc.org.hk/oshc_data/files/HotTopic/CB959E.pdf Enviromental Pollution-Health and Toxicology by Rana , S.V.S Narosa Publishing House,delhi . By. Sachin kashanwal 17 Refrences

18. By. Sachin kashanwal 18