Biology of Indian Mackeral.pptx

Indian mackerel
The Indian mackerel belongs to the family scombridae and order perciformes .
It is commonly found in the Indian  and west pacific oceans, and their surrounding seas. 
Marine, pelagic –neritic, oceanodromous.
Depth range 20-90m.
It is an important food fish .

1. Biology of Indian mackerel Vinod Kumar FRM

2. Indian mackerel The Indian mackerel belongs to the family scombridae and order perciformes . It is commonly found in the Indian  and  west pacific oceans, and their surrounding seas.  Marine, pelagic –neritic, oceanodromous. Depth range 20-90m. It is an important food fish .

3. Description Indian mackerel  

4. Distribution The Indian mackerel is found in Indian and Pacific oceans with a wider distribution covering Red sea, east Africa, Indonesia, China, Australia and French Polynesia. In India they are abundant all along the east and west coasts, Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar islands. It entered the eastern Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal .

5. Habitat The Indian Mackerel fish are generally found in the shallow, coastal waters. The mature fish are generally found in the coastal bays, harbours and in the deep lagoons.

6. Feeding The juveniles feed on phytoplankton and small zooplankton . mature fish generally feed on macroplankton including the larvae of fish and shrimp. Small groups were seen eating eggs of  Cheilio inermis some plankters such as Sagitta, stomatopods and spionid larvae are Avoided .

7. ostracod cladocerans cheilio inermis shrimp larvae fish larvae

8. Reproduction Spawning season of the Indian Mackerel is between March and September in the northern hemisphere.  It is between September and the following March around Seychelles in the southern hemisphere. Sex differentiation takes place when it is about 12cm. Spawning occurs in batches . The females lay eggs, and the eggs are fertilized externally. The egg are left to develop on their own, and the eggs are not guarded by the males or females.

9. Migration and shoaling behaviour The mackerel of different size groups move in separate shoals.  They move in semicircular or arrow head formations. They scatter, when pursued by seerfish but, when the shoals are chased by sharks or porpoises, the mackerel submerge with the head downwards .

10. Gear and Crafts In Konkan, north Kanara and south kanara, the chief gears in operation are shore seine (Rampani), gill net and cast net (pag). The types of fishing boat are Pandi, Hodi and Dhoni . In Kerala boat seines (Odam vala, Paithua vala) Ayilakollivala,Thattumvala, Nonvala) shore seines (Karavala) and gill nets (Ayilachalavala) are operated with the help of dugout canoes.

11.  In Tamil Nadu, masula boats, Tuticorin type of boats, canoes and catamarans are chiefly used for operating different types of shore seines, boat seines, bag nets and gill nets. In Andhra and Orissa more or less similar types of gear are used as is in Tamil Nadu, with masula boats, plank built boats and catamarans.

12. cast net rampani net gill netting bag net

13. Conservation Status Data Deficient (DD)

14. Conservation Actions Better reporting is needed to determine species specific landings if possible. monitoring of this species is needed on the national level.

15. Reference https://www.roysfarm.com/indian-mackerel-fish/ https://indiaagronet.com/indiaagronet/Fisheries/Contents/indian_mackerel_fishery.htm#:~:text=It%20is%20a%20pelagic%20shoaling,between%20Cape%20Comorine%20and%20Ratnagiri https://www.fishbase.se/summary/Rastrelliger-kanagurta.html http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/5554/ https://marinelifeindia.wordpress.com/2013/12/30/feeding-party-indian-mackerel-rastrelliger-kanagurta-cuvier-1816-foraging-together/

16. Thank yoU..