biomass presentation for electrical engineers

biomass presentation for electrical engineers

1. SEMINAR ON BIOMASS ENERGY Submitted To:- Submitted By:- Er . Kapil Sethi Abid Seraj H.O.D of E.E.E Deptt . Roll No:-1514680 Sem. 7 th (EEE Branch) Course:- B.Tech SWAMI PARMANAND COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

2. BIO ENERGY Bioenergy is energy derived from biomass and biogas source. It is a renewable energy source.

3. BIOMASS Biomass is organic matter from plants, micro- -organism grown on land and water and their derivatives. The energy obtain from biomass is also called the biomass energy. It is a renew- - able ener gy sour c e . B e c ause o r g anic m a tt e r generated everyday. Coal, petroleum, natural gas are not come in biomass category because they produce from dead, burried biomass under high pressure and temperature during several millions of year.

4. Type of biomass Biomass are classified in three group….. Bioma s s f r o m culti v a t ed l i k e fields , c r op s , forests etc. Biomass derived from wastes like municipal waste, animal dung etc. Biomass converted into liquid fuels. I n fi r s t g r ou p the b iomass i s d i r e c t l y converted into energy by burning the biomass.

5. Se c o n d g r o u p the bi o mass is ob t a i n f erme n t ed anae r obi c ally to gaseous fuel like bio-gas.

6. material (such as agricultural energy crops like Giant King Grass) in the absence of oxygen resulting in the creation of methane and carbon dioxide, which make up the composition of biogas. This process is called anaerobic digestion and occurs in large enclosed tanks. The biogas is collected from the anaerobic digestion tanks and processed through a generator to produce renewable electricity. A nae r obi c ally Naturally occurring bacteria breakdown organic

7. In third group biomass is converted into ethanol and methanol to use in a liquid fuels in engine.

8. Biomass conversion processes Direct combustion Thermochemical conversion Biochemical conversion direct combustion:- Combustion is the oldest and most frequently applied process to extract the energy content from solid biomass. During combustion, most of the energy is released in form of heat. Different thermodynamic processes can be used to transform part of this heat into electric power.

9. Ho w t o p r o d uc e e l ectrici t y b y di r ect combustion.

10. Thermochemical conversion Thermochemical conversion the process convert the biomass and its residues to fuel, chemicals and power using gasification heating of biomass with about one third of oxygen is necessary for complete combustion produce mixture of co 2 and hydrogen known as syngas. Pyrolysis heating biomass in absence or produce a liquid pyrolysis oil. They both are use as fuel.

11. Biochemical conversion B i ochem i c al c o n v e r s i o n by mic r o - o r g a nic biomas s to biofue l a r e s l ow p r oces s t aking plac e low temperature. T h e principle conversion process is f erme n t a t i on . Fermentation is a process of decomposition of organic matter by micro-organism. Example fermentation, decomposition of sugar to form ethanol and carbon dioxide by yeast and ethanol forming acetic acid in making vinegar.

12. Biochemical conversion

13. Application of biomass generating electricity. the producer gas from the biomass gasifier is first cleaned and cooled and then used as a fuel in an IC engine. Biomass gasifier plants in an industry or an institute are usually used as captive power generation unit. In India, a large number of systems have been put-up in rice mills, with rice-husk as the feed material for gasifiers.

14. Advantage of biomass Biomass Energy (or Bioenergy) is a renewable energy. Biomass is always available it can be found anywhere and includes organic matter such as plants, animals or waste products from organic sources. Less pollution is generated. Reduce Fossil Fuel dependency: With the majority of homes and businesses using oil to provide energy, oil will gradually run out if people do not switch to a renewable energy source such as biomass. Once oil is gone, it is gone forever. The use of biomass will therefore reduce the dependency on fossil fuels.

15. Clean energy: As biomass is relatively c an be use d i n such clean, it c omm e r cial meaning businesse s a s airlines, i t i s g oo d f o r the environment and good for businesses.

16. Disadvantage of biomass The initial costs of a biomass is high. Harmful to the environment: Although there is a large reduction of carbon dioxide emissions compared to other systems, there is an increase in methane gases, which can also be harmful to the Earth’s ozone layer. Consume s mo r e fuel : In o r de r t o a c q ui r e e n ough lumber to power a plant, for example, companies would have to clear large forest area. This makes the use of trees and tree products to power machines inefficient and can create environmental problems. Large area require.

17. different gases like fuel gas, sewer and in India known as Gobar gas . Gas produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen . Biogas can be produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, municipal waste , plant material , sewage , green waste or food waste . It is a renewable energy source. Biogas can be produced by anaerobic digestion with anaerobic bacteria , which digest material inside a closed system. Bio g as Biogas :-typically refers t o a mixtu r e of

18. Biogas plant

19. Dome type gas plant This type of biogas plant developed by china. In china design it is usual to provide a mainhole cover at the top inlet and outlet are connected at a mid point of digester. Upper part of digester above liquid surface provide storage space for biogas. When gas is produced level of digester liquid drops whereas that in outlet rises with height difference between the two varying gas pressure. This difference in height help to regulate gas pressure within digester over a wide range.

20. Advantage of Dome type gas plant No moving parts, therefore no maintenance problem. Longer working life. Low cost. Low operating cost. Large amount of gas produce. Space above of the plant may use other purpose

21. Disadvantage of Dome type gas plant Require skill masons for construction. Variable gas pressure. Problem of scum formation.

22. Moveable drum type plant This type is also known as floating dome type biogas plants. A floating-drum plant consists of a cylindrical or dome-shaped digester and a moving, floating gas-holder, or drum. The gas- holder floats either directly in the fermenting slurry or in a separate water jacket. The drum in which the biogas collects has an internal and/or external guide frame that provides stability and keeps the drum upright. If biogas is produced, the drum moves up, if gas is consumed, the gas- holder sinks back.

23. Moveable drum type plant

24. M aterial Floating-drums made of glass-fiber reinforced plastic and high-density polyethylene have been used successfully, but the construction costs are higher compared to using steel. Floating-drums made of wire-mesh-reinforced concrete are liable to hairline cracking and are intrinsically porous. They require a gas-tight, elastic internal coating. PVC drums are unsuitable because they are not resistant to UV.

25. Advantage Moveable drum type plant Constant gas pressure. No problem in gas leakage. Higher gas production. Scum problem is less. Pressure is naturally equalised.

26. Mo v eable drum typ e disad v a n t a g e plant High cost. High maintenance. Outlet pipe should be flexible. It require regular attention. Heat is loss through gas holder.