Biomaterials

This PPT used in medical and also used in engineering Physics.

1. WELCOME NAME : PANCHAL DHRUMILKUMAR INDRAVADAN ACTIVITY : SEMINAR (PHYSICS) BRANCH : COMPUTER ENGINEERING (B.E.) SEM : FIRST SEM YEAR : F.Y. (2017-18) ENROLLMENT NO : 170410107053 ID NO : 17BECEG104

2. Biomaterials Biomaterials is a synthetic or natural material used to replace part of living system or to function in intimate contact with living tissue. Bio functionality and biocompatibility are the most important factors to be considered before selecting a material for medical application or as an impalnt device.

3. Biomaterials

4. Biomaterials Biomaterials are defined as the materials with novel chemical, physical, mechanical or intelligent properties produced through processes that mimic biological phenomena. The most important factors to be considered before selecting a material as a prosthetic device.

5. Bio functionality The different functions of biomaterials when used as an implant device includes load transmission, stress distribution, light transmission, sound transmission, control of blood and fluid flow, space filling etc. To ensure that the prosthetic device delivers desired function most effectively, the physicochemical properties like electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, corrosion durability etc. The adverse effects in case of failure of the device, mechanical properties like strength, toughness, fatigue, hardness etc. have to be considered to a larger extent. In addition, the production rate and cost must also be considered.

6. Biocompatibility Is concerned with the effects of prosthetic device material within the body, that is, the materials should not undergo a degradation in its properties within the environment of the body and should not cause any adverse reactions. The various mechanisms that may degrade biomaterials are corrosion, chemical stability, stiffness and surface roughness. If any of these mechanisms happens to take place in a material, it will consequently reflect on the degradation of material’s property.

7. Types of Biomaterials These are several materials derived from animals and plants which can be used as biomaterials. These materials are called natural biomaterials. In addition there are also biomaterials made from Metals and alloys (Bio metals) Polymers Ceramics composites

8. Bio metals The three major material group that are used in biomedical applications are: Stainless steel 316L Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy Pure titanium and titanium alloy The important metals such as stainless steel, titanium cobalt alloy are generally biocompatible. But if they degrade by corrosion, some people may find them allergic.

9. Bio metals

10. Bio metals application S. No. Material Application(s) 1. Ni-Ti Bone plates, stents, orthodontics wires 2. Silver products Antibacterial agents 3. 316 Stainless steel Fracture fixation, stents, surgical instrument 4. Hg-Ag- Sn amalgam and Gold alloys Dental restoration

11. Polymers The polymers have physical properties that are most similar to the natural tissues. The properties depend on the composition, structure and arrangement of their constituent macromolecules. The polymers may undergo either unintentional degradation or controlled degradation. During a chemical reaction, chemicals may be released from polymers and can induce adverse local and systemic host reactions that cause clinical complications. Polymers biomaterials are PVC and PMMA.

12. Polymers Controlled degradation type includes polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polyorthoestures and their copolymers. These biodegradabale polymers are used for sutures, controlled drug delivery, fracture fixation and tissue engineering. Polymers are generally not used in biomedical applications that bear load. Applications of polymers includes joint linning , wound dressings, intraocular lens replacement and tendon replacement.

13. Polymers

14. Polymers as biomaterials application S. No. Material Application 1. Polyamides(non-degradable), polypropylene Sutures 2. Polyster Vascular prostheses, drug delivery system 3. PMMA ( Polymethylmethacrylate ) Dental restoration, intraocular lenses (IOL), joint replacement (bone cement)

15. Bio ceramics Ceramics are attractive biomaterials and are widely used in several different fields such as dentistry, orthopedics and as medicals sensors. These bio ceramics can be either bio inert, bioactive or biodegradable. The ceramic materials are non-metallic inorganic compounds that exhibit great stiffness, high resistance to corrosion, excellent wear resistance and of low density. The major problem with ceramics is that they are brittle, have a low tensile strength and are relatively difficult to process.

16. Bio ceramics

17. Bio ceramic materials application S. No. Material Application 1. Alumina Joint replacement, dental implants 2. Apatite ceramics Synthetic bone 3. Zirconia Joint replacement 4. Bioactive glasses Bone replacement 5. Carbons Heart valves, dental implants 6. Porcelain Dental restorations

18. Composite Composite biomaterials find their application in the field of dentistry as restorative material or as dental cement. These materials are extensively used for prosthetic limns because of their low density and high strength property .

19. Composite materials application S. No. Material Application 1. BIS-GMA-quartz/silica filler Dental restorations 2. PMMA-glass fillers Dental restorations (dental cement)

20. Natural biomaterials The biomaterials derived from the animals and plants are called natural biomaterials. The advantage of using natural biomaterials for implants is that, they are similar to materials familiar to the body and does not offer the problem of toxicity often faced by the synthetic materials. The best example of natural biomaterial is collagen. This is the most prevalent protein available in animals. There are at least ten types of collagens is widely used for augment or build-up dermal tissue for cosmetic reasons. Other types of natural biomaterials are keratin, cellulose and chitin.

21. Natural biomaterials

22. Thank You so much Everyone