Biomechanics full ppt presented by Dr ajaz asghar(PT)

Biomechanics ppt full explaination

1. Biomechanics Submitted by: Ajaz Asghar Submitted to: Dr. Shallabh Sir

2. Introduction The study of mechanical aspects of living organisms, focusing on movement and forces acting on the body. Term introduced by: Herbert Hatze in 1972 Origin: Bio (Life) + Mechanics (Forces)

3. Subdivisions of Biomechanics 1. Kinematics: Describes motion without considering its causes. 2. Kinetics: Studies forces that cause motion.

4. Anatomical Pulley Parts of the body (like bones/tendons) that redirect muscle force. Examples: - Kneecap (Patella) - Ankle bone (Lateral Malleolus)

5. Motion Motion is the change in position with respect to time. Types: - Translatory (e.g., car moving in straight line) - Rotatory (e.g., spinning wheel)

6. Force and Force System Force: A push or pull causing motion/change. Types: - Frictional Force - Concurrent Force Internal vs External Force: - Internal: Muscles pulling bones - External: Gravity, wind, etc.

7. Gravity & Equilibrium Center of Gravity (COG): Balance point Base of Support (BOS): Support area Line of Gravity (LOG): Vertical line through COG Equilibrium Types: - Stable - Unstable - Neutral

8. Levers and Pulleys Levers: 1st Class: Effort-Fulcrum-Load (e.g., head nodding) 2nd Class: Fulcrum-Load-Effort (e.g., standing on toes) 3rd Class: Fulcrum-Effort-Load (e.g., biceps curl) Pulleys: Improve force efficiency (e.g., tendons)

9. Connective Tissue Properties Elasticity: Return to original shape Stress: Force/area Strain: Deformation Hooke’s Law: Force-extension relation

10. Springs Elastic objects that store/release energy Series: Softer, stretch more Parallel: Stiffer, stretch less

11. Form Follows Function Body structures adapt their shape to function. Examples: Bone shape adapts to movement

12. Kinematic Chain Linked segments that move together Open Chain: Free end (e.g., human arm) Closed Chain: Loop structure (e.g., bicycle)

13. Sliding Filament Theory Explains muscle contraction via actin-myosin sliding, shortening muscle without changing filament length.

14. Thank You Submitted by: Ajaz Asghar