Biomechanics orthodontics and updates.pptx

descriptive dentistry

1. Biomechanics orthodontics

2. 1. What is biomechanics in orthodontics?**Answer:* Biomechanics in orthodontics refers to the study and application of mechanical principles to the movement of teeth and correction of malocclusions. It involves understanding the forces and moments applied to teeth and their effects on tooth movement within the supporting structures, such as bone and periodontal ligament.*

3. 2. How do orthodontic forces cause tooth movement?**Answer:* Orthodontic forces cause tooth movement by exerting pressure on the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. When a force is applied, it creates areas of compression and tension in the periodontal ligament. This stimulates cellular activity, leading to bone resorption on the pressure side and bone formation on the tension side, allowing the tooth to move.*3. What are the types of orthodontic tooth movements?**Answer:* The main types of orthodontic tooth movements are:- *Tipping:* Movement of the crown in one direction and the root in the opposite direction.- *Bodily movement:* The tooth moves as a whole, maintaining its orientation.- *Rotation:* Turning of the tooth around its long axis.- *Intrusion:* Moving the tooth into the socket.- *Extrusion:* Pulling the tooth out of the socket.- *Torque:* Movement involving the root of the tooth more than the crown

4. .*4. What is the center of resistance and why is it important in orthodontics?**Answer:* The center of resistance is the point in a tooth or a group of teeth where a force applied will result in bodily movement without any rotation. Understanding the center of resistance is crucial in orthodontics because it helps in designing appropriate force systems to achieve desired tooth movements with minimal unwanted side effects.* 5. Describe the difference between light and heavy forces in orthodontic treatment.**Answer:* - *Light Forces:* These are forces that are within the physiological range of the periodontal ligament and bone. They are usually more comfortable for the patient and result in more controlled and steady tooth movement with less risk of root resorption and damage to the supporting structures.- *Heavy Forces:* These are forces that exceed the optimal range and can cause trauma to the periodontal ligament and bone. They may lead to faster initial movement but can cause pain, root resorption , and damage to the supporting structures, leading to less controlled tooth movement.*

5. 6. What are the common orthodontic appliances used to apply biomechanical principles?**Answer:* Common orthodontic appliances include:- *Brackets and wires:* Fixed appliances that apply continuous forces to move teeth.- *Aligners:* Removable appliances that apply controlled forces through a series of custom-made trays.- *Headgear:* External appliances that apply extraoral forces to control growth and tooth movement.- *Elastics:* Rubber bands used to apply inter-arch forces to correct malocclusions.- *Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs):* Mini-implants used to provide additional anchorage.