BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT anusha mam.pptx

for bsc mlt

1. BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

2. Waste generated from health care facilities caries a higher potential for infections and injuries. Safe and reliable methods of segregation and disposal of hospital waste is essential. Waste segregation : basic separation of different categories of waste generated

3. Biomedical waste: Waste generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities based on the BMW rules, 2016. Solid waste generated in hospitals varies from ½ to 2 kg/bed in govt hospitals , private hospitals and nursing homes.

4. Waste generated in hospitals falls into: General waste(80%) Pathological and infectious waste(15%) Chemical and pharmaceutical waste(3%) Sharp waste(1%)

5. Wastes are generally produced by Health Care Facilities Research Facilities Laboratories

6. Segregation of waste At point of generation. In a color coded leak proof container. Container should bear biohazard symbol and appropriate wording. Container should never be completely filled. To avoid mixing of general (non-infectious) waste into infectious waste. Once mixed, becomes infectious and should not be removed. To decrease expenditure on disposal of infectious waste. To reduce infectious waste.

7. Human anatomical waste Soiled items – blood body fluids like dressing ,plaster ,casts, cotton swabs and bags containing residual or discarded blood or blood components Chemical waste expired /discarded medicine/cytotoxic waste -antibiotics, cytotoxic drugs(glass/plastic vials) Discarded linen mattress beddings contaminated with blood or body fluids. Microbiology biotechnology and clinical laboratory wastes Yellow bag

8. Recyclable contaminated waste Disposable items like Catheters Gloves Syringes Vaccutainers RED BAG

9. Sharps including metals Syringes with fixed needle Burner Needle tip cutter Scalpels & blades Any other sharp objects (includes both used and contaminated metal sharps) White bag

10. Glass wares Metallic body implants Broken or discarded and contaminated glass including medicine vials and ampules except those contaminated with cytotoxic wastes. Blue bag

11. Categories of BMW(2016)

12. Incineration Autoclave Chemical disinfection Effluent treatment plant Microwaving Shredder Sanitary landfill Disposal methods

13. High temperature dry oxidation ( 870-1200°C ) Reduce organic and combustible matter into nonorganic incombustible matter. Result in very significant reduction of waste volume and weight. Done for wastes that cannot be reused ,recycled and disposed off in a land fill. Not done for : Pressurised gas containers Reactive chemical waste. Halogenated plastics such as PVC Waste with heavy metals such as mercury , silversalts ,radiographic waste ,broken thermometers. INCINERATION

14. Thermal process where steam is bought into direct contact with waste in a controlled manner and for sufficient duration to sterilize the wastes. Two types: Gravity type Horizontal type 121 c for 15 minutes at pressure of 15 pounds. Precautions : 1.Not used in case of oil ,grease or dry material such as glove powder. 2.Do not overfill the chamber. 3.Donot touch sides and tops of chamber. 4.Clean and waste items autoclaved separately. 5.Polyethylene trays should not be used. AUTOCLAVE

15. Chemicals are added to waste to kill or inactivate the pathogens within it. It result in disinfection rather than sterilization. It is more suitable for liquid waste such as blood ,urine ,stool and hospital sewage. Microbiological cultures and sharps may also be disinfected. 1-2%Sodium hypochlorite Chemical disinfection

16. Liquid effluent generated during the process of washing containers, vehicles , floors etc first subjected to chemical treatment and then disposed in effluent treatment plant Effluent treatment plant

17. Microbial inactivation occurs due to thermal effect of electromagnetic radiation spectrum lying between frequencies 300 and 300,000 MHz Intermolecular heating process Heating occurs inside the waste material in presence of steam. Efficacy of microwave disinfection should be monitored regularly. MICROWAVING

18. Waste are deshaped or cut in to smaller pieces so as to make waste unrecognizable Helps in prevention of reuse of biomedial waste. SHREDDER

19. Pit should be 2 meters deep, half filled with waste , then covered with lime within 50cm of surface before filling soil. When wastes are added to pit , layer of 10cm of soil added to cover the waste Pits should be distant from habitation, ensure that no contamination occurs to surface water or ground water. SANITARY LANDFILL

20. This makes use of an ionised gas in the plasma state to convert electrical energy to temperatures of several 1000 degrees using plasma arc torches or electrodes. The system provides high temperatures combined with high UV radiation flux which destroys the pathogens completely PLASMA PYROLYSIS

21. The process of inertization involves mixing waste with cement and other substances before disposal to minimise the risk of toxic substances contained in the waste migrating into surface or ground water. INERTIZATION

22. It involves filling containers with waste ,adding immobilizing material and sealing the containers to prevent the access to unscrupulous activities The process uses cubic boxes made up of metallic drums which are 3 quarters filled with sharps or chemicals or pharmaceutical wastes and then filled with a medium such as plastic foam , cement mortar or clay material ENCAPSULATION

23. Microbiological waste – autoclaving Final disposal as a general waste- Red Bag. Tubes used for serum separation, centrifugation of samples, preparation of dilutions etc. tips , Caps, any other contaminated plastic ware Method: Chemical Disinfection Disposal of liquid waste : Pour into drain with running tap WASTE REQUIRING PRETREATMENT BEFORE DISPOSAL

24. Yellow bag Contaminated gloves; latex & plastic(Uncontaminated – general waste) Contaminated tissue /blotting papers Contaminated cotton Human tissue/organs White sharp disposal container Broken glass, pipettes, broken test tubes, Needles, razor blade, scalpel WASTE DISPOSED WITHOUT PRETREATMENT

25. Do not allow the containers to overfill. Arrange containers near the operation area at accessible distance, Ensure that the disposed item is inside the container and not hanging at the edge. Transport within 48 hour ATTENTION

26. DECONTAMINATION OF NON REUSABLE ARTICLES

27. DECONTAMINATION OF REUSABLE ARTICLES