Biomedical waste management_ppt

Biomedical waste management

1. Biomedical waste management 13-10-2018 1 SUNIL KUMAR. P ST.JOHN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE , BANGALORE

2. Definition Waste generated during the diagnosis, testing, treatment, research or production of biological products for humans or animals (WHO) 13-10-2018 2 SUNIL KUMAR. P ST.JOHN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE , BANGALORE

3. World Health Organization states that 85% of hospital wastes are actually non-hazardous , whereas 10% are infectious and 5% are non-infectious but they are included in hazardous wastes. About 15% to 35% of Hospital waste is regulated as infectious waste. This range is dependent on the total amount of waste generated 13-10-2018 3 SUNIL KUMAR. P ST.JOHN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE , BANGALORE

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5. Classification of Bio-Medical Waste The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified medical waste into eight categories: General Waste Pathological Radioactive Chemical Infectious to potentially infectious waste   Sharps   Pharmaceuticals   Pressurized containers 13-10-2018 5 SUNIL KUMAR. P ST.JOHN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE , BANGALORE

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7. Sources of Bio-Medical Waste Major Sources Hospitals Labs Research centers Animal research Blood banks Nursing homes Mortuaries Autopsy centers Minor sources Clinics Dental clinics Home care Cosmetic clinics Paramedics Funeral services Institutions 13-10-2018 7 SUNIL KUMAR. P ST.JOHN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE , BANGALORE

8. Problems relating to biomedical waste A major issue-- some hospitals are disposing of waste in a haphazard, improper and indiscriminate manner . Lack of segregation practices, results in mixing of hospital wastes with general waste making the whole waste stream hazardous . Inappropriate segregation ultimately results in an incorrect method of waste disposal. 13-10-2018 8 SUNIL KUMAR. P ST.JOHN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE , BANGALORE

9. Inadequate Bio-Medical waste management thus will cause environmental pollution, unpleasant smell, growth and multiplication of vectors like insects, rodents and worms and may lead to the transmission of diseases like typhoid, cholera, hepatitis and AIDS through injuries from syringes and needles which are contaminated Various communicable diseases, which spread through water, sweat, blood, body fluids and contaminated organs, are important to be prevented. The Bio Medical Waste scattered in and around the hospitals invites flies, insects, rodents, cats and dogs that are responsible for the spread of communication disease like plague and rabies. Rag pickers in the hospital, sorting out the garbage are at a risk of getting tetanus. 13-10-2018 9 SUNIL KUMAR. P ST.JOHN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE , BANGALORE

10. Hazardous health care waste can result in Infection Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity Chemical toxicity Radioactivity hazards. Physical injuries Public sensitivity. 13-10-2018 10 SUNIL KUMAR. P ST.JOHN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE , BANGALORE

11. Need of biomedical waste management in hospitals reasons due to which there is great need of management of hospitals waste such as: Injuries from sharps leading to infection to all categories of hospital personnel and waste handler. nosocomial infections in patients from poor infection control practices and poor waste management. Risk of infection outside hospital for waste handlers and scavengers and at time general public living in the vicinity of hospitals. Risk associated with hazardous chemicals , drugs to persons handling wastes at all levels. “Disposable” being repacked and sold by unscrupulous elements without even being washed. Drugs which have been disposed of, being repacked and sold off to unsuspecting buyers. Risk of air, water and soil pollution directly due to waste, or due to defective incineration emissions and ash. 13-10-2018 11 SUNIL KUMAR. P ST.JOHN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE , BANGALORE

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14. Biomedical Waste Management Process The hospital waste like body parts, organs, tissues, blood and body fluids along with soiled linen, cotton, bandage and plaster casts from infected and contaminated areas are very essential to be properly collected, segregated, stored, transported, treated and disposed of in safe manner to prevent nosocomial or hospital acquired infection. Waste collection Segregation Transportation and storage Treatment & Disposal Transport to final disposal site Final disposal 13-10-2018 14 SUNIL KUMAR. P ST.JOHN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE , BANGALORE

15. Segregation of biomedical waste Segregation of waste is the first step. This would ensure that infectious wastes do not get mixed with non- infectious wastes Only a small fraction of waste generated by health care institutions is actually infectious or hazardous . It is estimated that 80-85% is non-infectious, 10% is infectious and 5 % is hazardous. Segregation of waste into infected or contaminated waste and non-infected waste is mandatory and is a prerequisite for safe and hygienic waste management. Segregation at source makes it easier to prevent spread of infection, help it easier to choose among the options of disposal, and can reduce the load on the waste treatment system and prevent injuries. 13-10-2018 15 SUNIL KUMAR. P ST.JOHN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE , BANGALORE

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17. Colour Coding Type of     Containers Waste Category Treatment Options as per Schedule 1 Yellow Plastic bag 1,2,3,6 Incineration/deep burial Red Disinfected Container/ Plastic bag 3,6,7 Autoclaving/Micro waving/ Chemical Treatment Blue/ White translucent Plastic bag/puncture proof container 4,7 Autoclaving/Micro waving/ chemical treatment and destruction/shredding Black Plastic bag 5,9,10 (Solid) Disposal in secured landfill 13-10-2018 17 SUNIL KUMAR. P ST.JOHN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE , BANGALORE

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20. LABEL FOR BIO-MEDICAL WASTE CONTAINERS/BAGS 13-10-2018 20 SUNIL KUMAR. P ST.JOHN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE , BANGALORE

21. Transportation Untreated biomedical waste shall be transported only in specially designed vehicles. The waste should be transported for treatment either in trolleys or in covered wheelbarrows. Manual loading should be avoided as far as possible. The bags / container containing biomedical wastes should be tied/ lidded before transportation. Before transporting the bag containing biomedical wastes, it should be accompanied with a signed document by Nurse/ Doctor mentioning date, shift, quantity and destination . Special vehicles must be used so as to prevent access to, and direct contact with, the waste by the transportation operators, the scavengers and the public. The transport containers should be properly enclosed . The effects of traffic accidents should be considered in the design, and the driver must be trained in the procedures he must follow in case of an accidental spillage . It should also be possible to wash the interior of the containers thoroughly 13-10-2018 21 SUNIL KUMAR. P ST.JOHN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE , BANGALORE

22. Personnel safety devices The use of protective gears should be made mandatory for all the personnel handling waste. Gloves : Heavy-duty rubber gloves This should be bright yellow in colour. After handling the waste, the gloves should be washed twice. The gloves should be washed after every use with carbolic soap and a disinfectant. The size should fit the operator . Aprons, gowns, suits or other apparels : Apparel is worn to prevent contamination of clothing and protect skin. Masks : Various types of masks, goggles, and face shields are worn alone or in combination, to provide a protective barrier. It is mandatory for personnel working in the incinerator chamber to wear a mask covering both nose and mouth, preferably a gas mask with filters. Boots : Leg coverings, boots or shoe-covers provide greater protection to the skin when splashes or large quantities of infected waste have to be handled. The boots should be rubber-soled and anti-skid type . They should cover the leg up to the ankle. 13-10-2018 22 SUNIL KUMAR. P ST.JOHN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE , BANGALORE

23. Biomedical Waste Treatment and Disposal Incineration Technology This is a high temperature thermal process employing combustion of the waste under controlled condition for converting them into inert material and gases. Incinerators can be oil fired or electrically powered or a combination thereof. Broadly , three types of incinerators are used for hospital waste: multiple hearth type, rotary kiln and controlled air types. Non- IncinerationTechnology Non-incineration treatment includes four basic processes: thermal, chemical, irradiative, and biological. The majority of non-incineration technologies employ the thermal and chemical processes. The main purpose of the treatment technology is to decontaminate waste by destroying pathogens . 13-10-2018 23 SUNIL KUMAR. P ST.JOHN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE , BANGALORE

24. Autoclaving The process involves using steam at high temperatures. These are also of three types: Gravity type, Pre-vacuum type and Autoclave treatment has been recommended for microbiology and biotechnology waste, waste sharps, soiled and solid wastes. This technology renders certain categories (mentioned in the rules) of bio-medical waste innocuous and unrecognizable so that the treated residue can be land filled. Microwave Irradiation The microwave is based on the principle of generation of high frequency waves. These waves cause the particles within the waste material to vibrate, generating heat. This heat generated from within kills all pathogens . 13-10-2018 24 SUNIL KUMAR. P ST.JOHN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE , BANGALORE

25. Chemical Methods 1 % hypochlorite solution can be used for chemical disinfection Plasma Pyrolysis Plasma pyrolysis is a state-of-the-art technology for safe disposal of medical waste. It is an environment-friendly technology, which converts organic waste into commercially useful by products. The intense heat generated by the plasma enables it to dispose all types of waste including municipal solid waste, biomedical waste and hazardous waste in a safe and reliable manner. Medical waste is pyrolysed into CO, H2, and hydrocarbons when it comes in contact with the plasma-arc. These gases are burned and produce a high temperature (around 1200 o C). 9 13-10-2018 25 SUNIL KUMAR. P ST.JOHN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE , BANGALORE

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27. Benefits of Biomedical  Waste Management Cleaner and healthier surroundings. Reduction in the incidence of hospital acquired and general infections. Reduction in the cost of infection control within the hospital. Reduction in the possibility of disease and death due to reuse and repackaging of infectious  disposables. Low incidence of community and occupational health hazards. Reduction in the cost of waste management and generation of revenue through appropriate treatment and disposal of waste. Improved image of the healthcare establishment and increase the quality of life. 13-10-2018 27 SUNIL KUMAR. P ST.JOHN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE , BANGALORE

28. CONCLUSION Medical wastes should be classified according to their source, typology and risk factors associated with their handling, storage and ultimate disposal. The segregation of waste at source is the key step and reduction, reuse and recycling should be considered in proper perspectives. scientifically manage growing quantities of biomedical waste that go beyond past practices . Proper disposal of the waste. If we want to protect our environment and health of community we must sensitize our selves to this important issue not only in the interest of health managers but also in the interest of community. 13-10-2018 28 SUNIL KUMAR. P ST.JOHN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE , BANGALORE

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30. Healthy community Healthy environment Healthy you Healthy me Wake up Lets follow the rules and protect ourselves and our loved ones Let the wastes of the sick not contaminate the lives of the healthy. 13-10-2018 30 SUNIL KUMAR. P ST.JOHN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE , BANGALORE