Biomedical waste managment. ppt, According to rules 2016

what is biomedical waste
Source Identification
Segregation
Collection and storage
Transport
Treatment and disposal

1. Bio-Medical Waste Management By- Dr. Mamta Sharma Ph.D. Microbiology

2. According to Bio-medical Waste(Management and Handling ) Rules, 1998 of India, Bio-medical Waste means- “Any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities pertaining thereto or in the production or testing of biological.,

3. Objectives To minimize the production/generation of infectious waste. Recycle the waste after treating to the extent possible. Treat the waste by safe and environment-friendly/acceptable methods. Adequate care in handling to prevent healthcare-associated infections. Safety precautions during handling the BMW.

4. According to a WHO report- 85% of the hospital wastes are non-hazardous. 10% are infective (hence, hazardous), and 5% are non-infectious but hazardous (chemical, pharmaceutical and radioactive).

5. GLOBALLY- The quantity of Bio-Medical Waste generated will vary depending on the hospital policies and practices and the type of care being provided. The data available from developed countries indicate a range from 1-5 Kg/bed/day, with substantial inter-country and inter-specialty differences. Meager data from developing countries but the figures are lower. i.e. 1-2 Kg/bed/day. INDIA - In a large tertiary care hospital such as AIIMS, the Biomedical waste generated is about 1.5kg/bed/day as against 2.8kg/bed/day from a similar-sized hospital in the USA

6. CLASSIFICATION OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE

7. Infectious waste:- Waste suspected to contain pathogens. e.g. laboratory cultures; waste from isolation wards; tissues (swabs), materials, or equipment's that have been in contact with infected patients . Pathological waste:- Human tissues or fluids e.g. body parts; blood and other body fluids, foetuses .

8. 3. Sharps:- Sharp waste e.g. needles, infusion sets, scalpels, knives, blades, broken glass etc. 4. Pharmaceutical waste:- Waste containing pharmaceuticals. E.g. pharmaceuticals that are expired or no longer needed, items contaminated by or containing pharmaceuticals (bottles. boxes)

9. 5. Genotoxic waste:- Waste containing substances with genotoxic properties e.g. waste containing cytostatic drugs(often used in cancer therapy), genotoxic chemicals 6. Chemical waste:- Waste containing chemical substances. e.g. laboratory reagents, film developer, disinfectants that are expired or no longer needed, solvents

10. 7. Wastes with high content of heavy metals:- e.g. Batteries, broken thermometers, blood-pressure gauges etc. 8. Pressurized containers:- e.g Gas cylinders, gas cartridges, aerosol cans. 9. Radioactive waste:- Waste containing radioactive substances e.g. unused liquids from radiotherapy or laboratory research, contaminated glassware and packages.

11. Hazards of BMW Infectious wastes and sharps cause transmission of infections like HIV Hepatitis B and C. 2. Chemical and Pharma waste toxic, corrosive, flammable, reactive and shock sensitive. 3. Genotoxic and Radioactive wastes are responsible for toxicity ranges from the headache , nausea and vomiting to the skin reactions and malignancies. 4. Public sensitivity for visual impact of anatomical wastes.

12. Principles of Waste Management Identification of points of generation of waste. Waste minimization & recycling of waste. Waste segregation at source. Waste treatment (disinfection etc.) at the site. Waste collection and transportation, on-site and off-site. Waste treatment , on-site & off the site Final disposal of waste Occupational safety Continuous monitoring of the system Training of the staff.

13. Biomedical Waste Management Process Source Identification. Segregation. Collection and storage. Transport. Treatment and Disposal.

14. Source Identification Identification of source is required both at - the macro level. (Institutes that generates waste) - the micro level. (Points and activities within the institution). Segregation -“Separation of different types of waste as per treatment and disposal options.” It is the key to the active process of scientific waste management Collection and storage - Storage of waste refers to storage within wards or collection points within the departments. Collection centers are planned between 2-3 wards. Central collection. Common Treatment Facility (CTF)

15. Transport -Transportation systems should be secured with special containers and well-defined routes with minimum patient influx. -The containers should have non-washable and prominently visible labels showing the type of waste it contain – Cytotoxic or Biohazards. Treatment and disposal -The main objectives of treatment are - disinfecting and decontaminating the waste and - volume reduction

16. Bio-Medical Waste (Management)Rules 2016 The MoE , F&CC has notified the new BMW (M) Rules, on 28TH March 2016. Under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 Replaced the earlier Rules (1998) and the amendments thereof. 4 categories Yellow, Red, Blue and White

17. Bio-Medical Waste (Management)Rules 2016 No occupier shall establish an on-site treatment and disposal facility if a service of a common BMW treatment facility is available at a distance of 75 km. Untreated waste shall not be stored beyond a period of forty-eight hours. Household generated BMW. The onsite pretreatment of laboratory waste, microbiological waste, blood samples, and blood bags as per the guidelines of WHO or NACO.

18. Bio-Medical Waste (Management)Rules 2016 Phase out the use of chlorinated plastic bags, gloves, and blood bags within two years from the date of notification of these rules All plastic bags shall be as per BIS standards (Bureau of Indian Standards). Immunise with Hepatitis B and Tetanus Vaccination to be certified and documented Personal Protective Equipment

19. Bio-medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rule 2016- There are 4 schedules (or parts)- Schedule 1 : Categories of bio-medical waste in India. Schedule 2 : Standards for treatment and disposal of BMW ( Color coding and type of container for disposal) Schedule 3 : Label of containers, bags, and transportation of Bio-Medical waste Schedule 4 : Prescribed Authority and duties

20. Safe Handling of Sharps Wear Gloves Needles should never be recapped Use needle hub cutter The syringe hub should be cut and disposed in red plastic bin Needle stick injuries to be reported, Documented, if needed Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) to be taken

21. SCHEDULE III LABEL FOR BIO-MEDICAL WASTE CONTAINERS /BAGS