Biomolecules ; Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids

1. NUCLEIC ACIDS Presented by, Revathi Gnanavelou, M.Pharm Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry SVCP

2. Are Organic Biomolecules containing Heterocyclic rings Made up of Monomers  Polymer of nucleotides Composed of nitrogenous base, pentose sugar and Phosphate group Backbone of nucleic acid made up of long chain of sugar and phosphate molecules by Phosphodiester bonds It is known as Primary structure of nucleic acid NUCLEIC ACIDS

3. NUCLEOTIDES Four nucleotides or bases, in DNA:  adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) .

4. BASIC MOEITY NUMBERING

5. 3’ – OH group of sugar in one nucleotide forms an ester bond with the phosphate group on the 5’-carbon of sugar of the next nucleotide A nucleoside is made of nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, thyamine , cytosine and uracil) attached to a pentose sugar. Polymerized nucleotides form DNA and RNA which are genetic material. Basic structural units are ribose and deoxyribose for RNA & DNA

6. Basic molecules of DNA & RNA

7. CHEMICAL NATURE Polymer of Nucleotides Backbone of nucleic acid is made of alternating sugar & Phosphate molecules bonded together in a long chain i.e. Phosphodiester bonds and a base Formed with C,O,N and P 2 types DNA RNA

8. DNA Composed of; Phosphate group, carbon sugar (deoxyribose) & nitrogenous base

9. RNA Composed of Ribose, Phosphate and Base Are synthesized from DNA Involved in Protein synthesis

10. FUNCTIONS DNA is the Basic Molecules of Heredity Store house of genetic information & reproduction DNA controls the cellular functions DNA Involved in RNA synthesis which is further converted into proteins Blue Print for new cells RNA  transfers genetic information from nucleus to cytoplasm for protein synthesis

11. BIOLOGICAL ROLE DNA  Basic structural and functional unit of heredity RNA molecules  Responsible for protein synthesis Nucleic acid  Reserve bank of genetic information DNA controls cellular functions Responsible for maintaining identity of different organisms for millions of years Used in treatment of cancer, Cardiovascular & autoimmune diseases.