Bioprocessing Overview_ Upstream and Downstream Processes.pptx

Introduction to fermentation process

1. Bioprocessing Overview: Upstream and Downstream Processes June 19, 2024

2. Agenda Introduction to Bioprocessing Key Players in Bioprocessing Types of Products Generated Industrial vs. Laboratory Scale Bioprocessing Steps in Industrial Bioprocessing Upstream Processing Downstream Processing Conclusion and Future Videos

3. Bioprocessing utilizes biological resources, such as living cells, to produce valuable products. These products include enzymes, metabolites, and recombinant proteins, which have significant biomedical relevance. Bioprocessing occurs in a controlled environment, often within bioreactors, to ensure optimal conditions for cell growth and product formation. Concept of Bioprocessing Introduction to Bioprocessing Overview

4. Bacteria Mammalian Cells Plant Cells and Cell-Free Systems Bacteria are commonly used due to their rapid growth and ease of genetic manipulation. They can produce a wide range of products including enzymes and metabolites. Mammalian cells are used for producing complex proteins and therapeutic agents. They provide the necessary post-translational modifications required for the functionality of these products. Plant cells can be used for large-scale production of proteins and metabolites. Cell-free systems utilize cellular machinery without living cells, allowing for controlled production of biological products. Key Players in Bioprocessing Bioprocessing

5. Secreted Metabolites Produced by cells and secreted into the surrounding medium. These can include antibiotics, vitamins, and organic acids, which are valuable in various industrial and medical applications. Enzymes Biocatalysts produced by cells that speed up biochemical reactions. Examples include proteases, lipases, and amylases, which are crucial in research, diagnostics, and therapy. Recombinant Proteins Proteins engineered through recombinant DNA technology. They include therapeutic proteins like insulin, monoclonal antibodies, and growth factors used in medical treatments and research. Types of Products Generated Overview

6. Laboratory Scale Bioprocessing Industrial Scale Bioprocessing Small-scale reactions, similar to cooking for a family Uses small vessels, such as flasks or bioreactors in the milliliter to liter range Mainly focuses on research and development, producing small quantities of biological products Large-scale reactions, analogous to cooking for a whole village Employs large bioreactors and fermentation tanks with capacities in the thousands of liters Aims to produce large quantities of biological products for commercial distribution Industrial vs. Laboratory Scale Bioprocessing Comparison

7. Seed Stock Preparation Scaling Up Culture Volume Bioreactor Operation Product Harvesting Start with a seed stock containing the desired bacteria or cell line. Transfect the cells with the recombinant plasmid to express the desired product. Gradually increase the culture volume from small flasks to larger vessels. This ensures that sufficient biomass is available for large-scale production. Transfer the scaled-up culture into a bioreactor. Control environmental conditions such as temperature, pH, and oxygen levels to optimize cell growth and product formation. Once the cells have produced the desired product, harvest the cells and begin initial purification steps. This typically involves centrifugation and filtration to separate the product from the cells. Prepared seed stock Transfected cells Increased culture volume Sufficient biomass Bioreactor setup Optimized growth conditions Harvested cells Initial purified product Steps in Industrial Bioprocessing Industrial Process

8. Upstream Processing Bioprocessing Initial development of the microbial culture from a seed stock. This involves transfecting bacteria with the desired plasmid to express the target product. Inoculum Development Gradually increasing the culture volume from small vessels to larger ones. This step ensures sufficient biomass for industrial production. Scaling Up Culture Volume Transferring the culture to bioreactors where the main production occurs. Bioreactors provide a controlled environment for optimal cell growth and product generation. Bioreactor Operation Adjusting parameters like temperature, pH, and nutrient supply to maximize cell growth and product yield. Genetic engineering may also be employed to enhance production efficiency. Optimizing Growth Conditions

9. Downstream Processing Bioprocessing After bioreactor cultivation, the product must be separated from cells and other impurities. Techniques like centrifugation and filtration are commonly used. Product Recovery Purification involves chromatographic methods such as HPLC, ion exchange, or hydrophobic interaction to isolate the product at high purity levels. Purification Polishing ensures the product meets purity standards, often exceeding 98%. It involves further fine-tuning and removal of residual impurities. Polishing Critical for verifying the product’s functionality and safety. Includes rigorous testing to ensure the product is market-ready. Quality Control

10. In this presentation, we explored the fundamentals of bioprocessing, including the roles of different cell types, the kinds of products that can be generated, and the distinctions between laboratory and industrial scales. We delved into the steps of both upstream and downstream processes, highlighting the importance of controlled environments, scaling up, and purification techniques. Conclusion Summary

11. Thank you .