Biosafety related to Rabies Virus or Mad Dog.pptx

Biosafety related to Rabies Virus or Mad Dog

1. Rabies virus Mad dog 1

2. 1. Classification: - Family: Rhabdoviridae -Genus: Lyssavirus -Species : Rabies lyssavirus 2. Morphology: - B ullet-shaped - Enveloped virus - Single-stranded - Negative sense RNA genome. 2

3. 3. pathogenicity: - Acute infection - Marked by progressive encephalomyelitis - Usually fatal 4. Epidemiology: - Rabies occurs throughout the world. -Rabies is estimated to cause 55,000 worldwide human deaths per year, the majority of which are in Africa and Asia. 5. Host range: - Humans - Other mammals such as dogs, foxes, coyotes, bats etc. 3

4. 6. Transmission mode: 7. Incubation period: - Varies from days to more than 7 years. - 75% of the patients become ill within 90 days of exposure to the virus. 8. communicability: - Direct human-to-human transmission is rare and has only been documented in cases of transplants (kidney, liver etc). - Most commonly transmitted via the bite of a rabies infected animal. - Via organ transplantation from an infected donor. - Exposure to aerosolised rabies virus in the lab. 4

5. 9. RESERVOIR: - Dogs, foxes, coyotes, wolves, jackals, mongooses, and other biting mammals such as bats etc. 10. Zoonosis: - Yes, from the bite of an infected animal. 5

6. 11. DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY : - Ribavirin and interferon-γ are effective in treating rabies-infected cynomolgus monkeys. 12. SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: - Rabies virus is inactivated by exposure to 70% ethanol, phenol, formalin, ether, trypsin, β- propiolactone, and some other detergents. 13. PHYSICAL INACTIVATION : - Rabies virus does not tolerate pH below 3 or above 11, and is inactivated by ultraviolet light. 14. SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST : - This virus does not survive well outside its host as it is susceptible to sunlight. . 6

7. 15. FIRST AID/TREATMENT : - First aid for rabies begins with good wound care, which can reduce the risk of rabies by up to 90%. - Wound should be washed with a soap solution, followed by 70% ethanol or an iodine containing solution. - Following wound care, the clinician must decide whether to institute immunization . 16. immunization: - Pre-exposure immunization of individuals at high risk for exposure e.g , lab workers, can be done using I movax rabies or RabAvert . 7

8. 17. LAb-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS : 18. Sources/ specimens: 19. hazards: - Only two cases of laboratory-acquired rabies infections have been reported. - No such cases are reported in the last several decades. - Saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, brain tissue, urine, blood etc of infected individuals or animals contain the virus. - Infectious droplets - Aerosols containing Rabies virus. 8

9. 20. RISK GROUP CLASSIFICATION: - Risk Group 3. 21. CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS : - Containment Level 3 facilities, equipment, and practices for work involving infected materials. 22. PROTECTIVE CLOTHING : - Personnel entering the lab should change into laboratory clothing and shoes. - Eye protection must be used where there is a risk of exposure to splashes. 23. OTHER PRECAUTIONS : - All activities with infectious material should be conducted in a biological safety cabinet (BSC). - Centrifugation to be carried out in closed containers placed in sealed safety cups, or in rotors. - The use of sharp objects should be strictly limited. - Open wounds and cuts should be covered with waterproof dressings. 9

10. 24. spills: 25. disposals: 26. storage: - Allow aerosols to settle and gently cover the spill with paper towels. - Apply appropriate disinfectant starting at the perimeter working inwards towards the centre. - Decontaminate all materials for disposal by steam sterilisation , and chemical disinfection. - Storage should be done in sealed, leak-proof containers that are appropriately labelled and locked in a containment level 3 laboratory. 10

11. THANK YOU! 11