BIOSPHERE.pptx

Biosphere

1. BIOSPHERE

2. BIOSPHERE The biosphere is postulated to have evolved, beginning through a process of biogenesis (the development of life from preexisting life) or biopoesis (life from non-living matter i.e. simple organic compounds), at least some 3.5 billion years ago. Last Universal Common Ancestor LUCA was most likely a single-celled organism that lived between 3-4 billion years ago. It may have used RNA both to store genetic information like DNA, and to catalyse chemical reactions like an enzyme protein. Similar to some species of archaea – ancient and very tough microbes – LUCA would have been highly resistant to extreme environments. Some scientists have even suggested that LUCA emerged close to deep sea hydrothermal vents (below).

3. BIOSPHERE The entire part of earth’s land, soil, water & atmosphere in which living organisms are found is called BIOSPHERE. OR The combined area lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere is known as BIOSPHERE.

4. Role of Biosphere The biosphere supports all life on Earth, 3 to 30 million species of plants, animals, fungi, single-celled prokaryotes such as bacteria, and single-celled eukaryotes such as protozoans.

5. Biosphere : The part of earth inhabited by living organisms; includes both the living and non-living components . Biome: A biome is the region of the earth where the climate determines the type of plants that live there. The plants determine the type of animals. Ecosystem: A community together with its non-living surroundings. Community: Two or more populations of different species living and interacting in the same area. Population: A population is a group of living organisms of the same species located in the same place at the same time. Examples are the number of rats in a field of rice, the number of students in your biology class, or human population in a city. Species: Very similar, potentially interbreeding organisms

6. Factors effect on biosphere Distance between the earth and the sun. Seasons and seasonal climate changes are direct results of the tilt of the Earth towards or away from the Sun. Summer months allow half of the planet to warm while the other half cools. Six months later, the temperatures shift in the opposite direction. Chemical erosion: Oxidation and reduction reactions change the composition of rocks and organic materials. B iological erosion: Tiny organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, are constantly working to break down organic and inorganic materials. Industrialization Urbanization Deforestation

7. Importance of BIOSPHERE The biosphere plays an integral role to support the life of organisms and their mutual interactions. It is a vital element in climate regulation. 1. Promotes Life on Earth For organisms to survive on earth, various environmental conditions must exist, such as favorable temperature and moisture. The organisms also require energy and nutrients. All the mineral and animal nutrients necessary to uphold life are found in the Earth’s biosphere.

8. 2 . Production of O.Matter The biosphere helps in recycling nutrients, like oxygen and nitrogen, to sustain life on Earth. Oxygen and nitrogen are produced in the biosphere through oxygen photosynthesis . These substances are responsible for virtually every biochemical process of organic matter production. 3. Provides Raw materials & Food The living components of the biosphere, also known as the biota, plays an integral role in providing us with the raw material we need to survive: food, fuel, and fiber .

9. 4. Cleans the Earth of Toxic Substances The natural cycles of decomposition and biological modification, which take place in the biosphere, help the planet earth to expel toxins and other components that could be harmful to life. For example, carbon dioxide is utilized in the photosynthesis process and organic wastes are reused by biota. 5. Provide Pharmaceutical Compounds Virtually all the substances used in the pharmaceutical industry today are derived from compounds that exist naturally in the terrestrial biosphere.