BIPOLAR PRESENTATIONghhjhhhhhhhhhvv.pptx

Notes

1. BIPOLAR DISORDERS AND OTHER RELATED DISORDERS PRESENTED BY: GROUP 15

2. Overview This presentation will cover the, Definition of bipolar and related disorders Causes and types Symptoms Impacts on life

3. Definition of Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder also known as manic-depressive illness is the mental disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks Patients with bipolar disorder presents with unusual intense emotional states that occurs in distinct periods called mood episodes.

4. Definition of Bipolar Disorder People who have it may spend weeks feeling like they're on top of the world before plunging into a deep depression. The length of each high and low varies greatly from person to person.

5. Causes of Bipolar Disorder There is no exactly causes of bipolar disorder. Current theories hold that the disorder may result from a combination of genetic and other biological as well as environmental factors . There is also a relationship in dysfunction of brain circuits involved in the regulation of mood, energy, thinking, and biological rhythms that may function abnormally in people with bipolar disorder resulting in the mood and other changes associated with the illness.

6. Describing the Depression Phase of Bipolar Disorder Depression phase . Symptoms include sadness, anxiety, loss of energy, hopelessness, and trouble concentrating. They may lose interest in activities that they used to enjoy. It’s also common to gain or lose weight, sleep too much or too little, and even think about suicide and recurrent morbid thoughts.

7. Describing Manic Phase During this phase, people feel super-charged and think they can do anything. Their self-esteem soars out of control and it’s hard for them to sit still. They talk more, are easily distracted, their thoughts race, and they don’t sleep enough. It often leads to reckless behavior, such as spending sprees, cheating, fast driving, and substance abuse. Three or more of these symptoms nearly every day for a week accompanied by feelings of intense excitement may signal a manic episode.

8. Hypomanic Episode A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable behavior characterized by increased activity or energy, but of lesser duration than mania, usually less than 4 days. Key feature: Little/no impairment in functioning.

9. Types of bipolar disorder Bipolar I disorder Bipolar II disorder Cyclothymic disorder Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (BP-NOS)

10. Bipolar I vs. Bipolar II Bipolar I characterized by the occurrence of manic episodes with or without a major depressive episode that is Manic episode +/- depression +/- hypomania Manic episodes = bipolar I and, Bipolar II characterized by at least one depressive episode with or without a hypomanic episode no mania episodes

11. Symptoms of “Mixed” Episodes When people with bipolar disorder have  depression and mania symptoms at the same time, or very close together, this is called a manic or depressive episode with mixed features.  This can lead to unpredictable behavior,  such as taking dangerous risks when feeling hopeless and suicidal but energized and agitated.  Mood episodes involving mixed features may be somewhat more common in women and in people who develop bipolar disorder at a young age.

12. CYCLOTHYMIC DISORDERS This is a chronic, fluctuating mood disturbance involving numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and periods of depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for hypomania or MDD • Mild mania and depressive symptoms • But more chronic fluctuations compared to Bipolar I and II Usually 2-year period or (1 year for children or adolescents), the symptoms must be persistent (present more days than not), and any symptom-free intervals last no longer than 2 months.

13. The symptoms are not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or another medical condition ( e.g.,hyperthyroidism )

14. SUBSTANCE/MEDICATION-INDUCED BIPOLAR DISORDER A prominent and persistent disturbance in mood that predominates in the clinical picture and is characterized by abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally increased activity or energy that is induced by drugs and other chemical substances

15. Drugs and substances that can cause Bipolar Alcohol Phencyclidine and other hallucinogens Sedative, hypnotic and anxiolytics Cocaine Amphetamine-type-substance (or other stimulant) Other or (unknown substance)

16. BIPOLAR DUE TO ANOTHER MEDICAL CONDITIONS It is characterized by the presence of a prominent and persistent period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally increased activity or energy predominating in the clinical picture that is attributable to another medical condition.

17. Among the best known of the medical conditions that can cause a bipolar manic or hypomanic condition are Cushing’s disease Multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease as well as, Stroke and traumatic brain injuries Antibodies to the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor have been associated with manic or mixed mood and psychotic symptoms.

18. How Bipolar Disorder Impacts Daily Life When it’s not under control, bipolar disorder can cause problems in many areas of life, including your job, relationships, sleep, health, and money. It can lead to risky behavior. It can be stressful for the people who care about you and aren’t sure how to help or may not understand what’s going on.

19. Risky Behavior And Bipolar Disorder Many people with bipolar disorder have trouble with drugs or alcohol. They may drink or abuse drugs to ease the uncomfortable symptoms of their mood swings. Substance misuse also may be prone to occur as part of the recklessness and pleasure-seeking associated with mania.

20. Suicidal Thinking People with bipolar disorder are 10-20 times more likely to commit suicide than others. Warning signs include talking about suicide, putting their affairs in order, and doing very risky things. Women show more prevalence in committing suicide while men suicidal cases are less prevalent but more fatal.

21. Medical Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder A key step is to rule out other possible causes of extreme mood swings, including other conditions or side effects of some medicines. Psychiatrist may also talk to people who know you well to find out if your mood and behavior have had major changes.