BISWAJIT ADHIKARI_28101623024_PC EE 601.pdf

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1. 1
Load Flow Study
Department of Electrical Engineering
Gargi Memorial Institute of Technology
Name of the Student: BISWAJIT ADHIKARI
Roll Number: 28101623024
Registration Number:232810120222
Present Semester: 6
th
Course Name: Power System-II
Course Code: PC-EE-601

2. 2
Introduction
Load flow analysis, also known as power flow analysis, is a computational method for analyzing the flow of
power in an electrical system
.
It's used to determine how much power the system can
handle, and to ensure that the system operates safely and
efficiently.

3. Importance of Load flow
study
●
Ensures stable and efficient power distribution
●
Helps in voltage regulation and control
●
Identifies overloaded lines and prevents failures
●
Supports economic operation of power systems
●
Assists in planning future expansions and upgrades
●
Essential for smart grid and renewable energy
integration
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4. Bus Classification
●
Different types of buses are present based on the specified
and unspecified variables at a given bus as presented in the
table below:
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5. Importance of swing bus:
●
The slack or swing bus is usually a PV-bus with the largest capacity
generator of the given system connected to it.
●
The generator at the swing bus supplies the power difference between the
“specified power into the system at the other buses” and the “total system
output plus losses”. Thus swing bus is needed to supply the additional real
and reactive power to meet the losses.
●
Both the magnitude and phase angle of voltage are specified at the swing
bus, or otherwise, they are assumed to be equal to 1.0 p.u. and 00 , as per
flat-start procedure of iterative solutions. The real and reactive powers at
the swing bus are found by the computer routine as part of the load flow
solution process. It is to be noted that the source at the swing bus is a
perfect one, called the swing machine, or slack machine. It is voltage
regulated, i.e., the magnitude of voltage fixed. The phase angle is the
system reference phase and hence is fixed. The generator at the swing bus
has a torque angle and excitation which vary or swing as the demand
changes. This variation is such as to produce fixed voltage.
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6. Y
bus
for Power-flow Analysis
●
The basic equation for power-flow analysis is derived from
the nodal analysis equations for the power system:
6

7. Formulation of YBusMatrix
●
By applying KCL at node 1-
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8. Iterative methods for Load flow
studies
●
The Iterative methods can be used to solve the load
flow equations which are non-linear and the iterative
methods are:
1.Gauss-Seidel method
2.Newton-Raphsonmethod
3.Decoupled load flow method
4.Fast-Decoupled load flow method
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9. Gauss-Seidel Method -Power Flow Studies:
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10. contd….Gauss-Seidel Method -Power Flow
Studies:
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11. contd….Gauss-Seidel Method -Power Flow
Studies:
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12. contd….Gauss-Seidel Method -Power Flow
Studies:
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13. contd….Gauss-Seidel Method -Power Flow
Studies:
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14. N-R Method -Power Flow Studies
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15. N-R Method -Power Flow Studies(continued)
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16. N-R Method -Power Flow Studies(continued)
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17. N-R Method -Power Flow Studies(continued)
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18. Comparison of different load flow methods
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19. …….THANK YOU……
References:-
1.https://www.jntua.ac.in/gate-online-
classes/registration/downloads/material/a158937219227.p
df
2.https://www.iitp.ac.in/~siva/2024/ee381/Load_Flow.pdf
3.https://archive.nptel.ac.in/content/storage2/courses/10810
4051/chapter_4/4_2.html
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