BITES AND STINGS.pptx

Bites and Stings-BLS-MUKESH SUNDARARAJAN

1. BITES AND STINGS MUKESH SUNDARARAJAN

2. Introduction First-Aid Priorities Animal Bites Dog Bites Insect Stings Injuries by Marine Creatures Snake Bites

3. Most animals will not turn aggressive unless provoked. Staying away from these wild animals could prevent many unnecessary injuries. It is only wise be equipped with a first aid kit when involved in outdoor activities. Before attempting a rescue, ensure personal safety before approaching a victim that is under attack. Always call 995 for assistance if you are unable to handle the situation alone.

4. Ensure personal safety before attempting rescue Assess victim’s condition (e.g. consciousness level) Calm the victim by reassuring victim Treat any visible injuries and minimize any risk of further injury and infection. Call 995 if you are unable to handle the injuries alone Identify the injury and the source to assist the medical team in treating the wounds and anticipating certain symptoms such as anaphylactic shock.

5. Animals with sharp teeth can cause deep puncture wounds and carry germs deep into the tissues and result in an infection. Any bite that breaks the skin can cause the victim to become very vulnerable to infection.

6. • Canines are born with teeth to hunt and an instinct that commands it to bite whatever targets it considers as prey. • These instincts could result in very severe injuries to the victim. • Dogs are generally very protective over Food Territory Young • When threatened, they will attack to protect them.

7. Do not run past a dog Do not travel alone in the wild Do not approach a dog when it’s eating Do not approach a dog when it’s tied up Do not snatch anything that belongs to the dog Do not pat any stray dog even if it seems pitiful or cute

8. • Avoid attracting a dog to you with food or sound • Do not approach a dog when it is nursing its puppies. • Never force a dog into a corner or threaten it for the fun of it. • Treat every dog you do not know with caution. • Do not throw objects or provoke animals (Dogs etc…) • Do not intrude into their territory

9. 1. Control bleeding by applying direct pressure and raising the injured part.

10. 2. Cover the wound with a sterile dressing or a non fluffy clean pad bandaged in place to control bleeding. 3. Arrange to take or send the casualty to hospital.

11. 1. Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and warm water in order to minimize the risk of infection.

12. Pat the wound dry with clean gauze swabs and cover with an adhesive dressing or small sterile dressing. Advise the casualty to see a doctor in case inoculation (vaccination) is needed. If the wound is large or deep, arrange to send the casualty to hospital.

13. Rabies A potentially fatal viral infection of the nervous system, spread in the saliva of infected animals. Hepatitis B or C viruses There is probably only a small risk of hepatitis B or C viruses being transmitted through a human bite.

14. • Reassure the casualty. • Apply constant firm pressure, scrape or brush the sting off with your fingernail or blunt edge of an object. (Tweezers are not recommended as it may squeeze the venom sac thus increasing the venom released). Bee Sting Bee Sting

15. Some people are allergic to stings and can rapidly develop the serious condition of anaphylactic shock. Multiple stings can also be dangerous. Stings in the mouth or throat are serious, as swelling can cause obstruction to the airway.

16. If stung on the fingers or hands, remove any rings and watches in case of swelling. Wrap a few ice cubes in a towel and apply on the area for 10-15 minutes to stop the pain and swelling. Do not apply ice directly on the sting area to prevent frostbite. Advise the casualty to see his doctor if the pain and swelling persist.

17. Red, swollen, or warm lump Hives Rash Itching, tingling, numbness, burning, tenderness, pain Serious allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) occur when symptoms spread. These can include difficulty in breathing, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, fever, muscle spasms, or loss of consciousness. Call for emergency medical help right away.

18. • Use insect repellants • Wear long pants / T-shirt • During an attack, cover your face and run in a straight line as quickly as possible. • Grab a net, coat, towel, or anything that will give you momentary relief. • During your escape, try to find shelter like a house, tent or car with windows and door closed.

19. Avoid other people as they too may come under attack. Bees may pursue for up to 400m They are slow fliers and most people can outrun a bee. Hence, be alert for bees coming in and out through cracks in a wall. Stay away once you notice a bee colony. Do not provoke it.

20. • Using fine-pointed tweezers , grasp the tick’s head as close to the casualty’s skin as possible. • Use a slight to-and-fro action to lever, rather than pull, the head out. The mouthparts will be very firmly embedded in the skin; try to avoid breaking the tick and leaving the buried head behind.

21. • A snake bite is often not a serious injury, but it can be very frightening. • Reassurance is vital, for if the casualty keeps still and calm, the spread of venom may be delayed. • Try to get a description of the snake. This will help the doctor to identify the snake and the correct treatment. Do not try to catch the snake. • Notify the police if the snake remains at large. SNAKE BITE

22. • • • • • • • A pair of puncture marks. Severe pain at the site of the bite. Redness and swelling around the bite. Nausea and vomiting. Difficulty breathing; in extreme cases, respiration may stop altogether. Disturbed vision. Increased salivation and sweating.

23. Lay the casualty down. Tell the casualty to keep calm and still. Gently wash the wound and pat dry with clean swabs.

24. Lightly compress the limb above the wound with a roller bandage. Use triangular bandages to immobilize the affected area to minimize the spread of venom. Position the injured limb below the level of the heart. If she stops breathing, be ready to resuscitate if needed. *DO NOT apply a tourniquet, a bandage or ice on the wound, slash the wound with a knife, or suck the venom. If there is eye irritation, rinse the eye under gently running cool water for at least 15 minutes. Prevent run-off water from entering the unaffected eye.

25. • • Do not try and chase, provoke, catch or beat up the snake Move away if you spot a snake

26. THANK YOU

27. Most animals and insects do not usually attack unless injured or provoked You must always take sensible precautions before attempting, for example, to rescue a casualty from an angry dog or a swarm of bees. If you cannot cope alone, get help or call 995 for ambulance