Black quarter -vpm

black quarter ppt for publicle for spread information

1. “BLACK-QUARTER” ( BLACK-LEG , FARRYA ) Dr Ashish Tanwer Teaching Associate V. C.C, C.V.A.S Bikaner

2. It is an acute infectious and highly fatal ,bacterial disease of cattle Buffaloes, Sheep and goats are also affected Young cattle between 6-24 months of age, in good body condition are mostly affected It is soil-borne infection It is generally occurs during rainy season The disease is enzootic in India Define:-

3. Etiology :- It is caused by Clostridium chauvoei The bacteria is gram positive ,rod shaped and spore-forming. Spores resistant to environmental changes and disinfectants. Persist in soil for year

4. Route of Infection:- The disease spreads through: Ingestion of contaminated feed Contaminated of wound Pass wall of GI tract/erupting teeth A ccess to bloodstream D eposited in muscle and other tissues (spleen, liver, and alimentary tract) R emain dormant indefinitely

5. Occurrence :- Worldwide When disease occurs number of animals affected Enzootic in particular areas Group of farms to individual in field Case fatality rate 100% Seasonal—warm months Excavation of soil

6. Symptoms:- Fever(106-108 F) Loss of appetite Depression ,dullness Suspended rumination Rapid pulse and heart rates Difficult breathing (Dyspnoea) Lameness in affected leg Crepitating swelling over hip, back & shoulder Swelling is hot & painful in early stages whereas cold and painless later Recumbence (Prostration) followed by death with in 12-48 hr

7. Pathogenesis :- Spores by ingestion intestinal mucosa blood circulation skeletal muscles and remain dormant Muscular fatigue or trauma to the muscle Producing anaerobic conditions Spores activate, proliferate, produce toxins N ecrotizing myositis / toxemia Toxins --- capillary damage, hemorrhagic edema and necrosis Gas production- --- gangrene and toxemia .

8. Clinical Findings :- Sever lameness Pronounced swelling of upper part of leg Depression Complete anorexia Ruminal stasis High temperature and pulse rate Early stages --- swelling hot and painful Later- -- cold and painless Edematous and emphysematous Crepitation on palpation Discolored , dry and cracked skin

9. Clinical Findings :- Lesions on base of tongue, heart muscles, diaphragm, brisket, udder Condition develops rapidly Death12-36 hrs after appearance of signs Deaths without signs / clostridial cardiac myositis

10. Diagnosis: - History: Age ,body condition and season Symptoms: High fever, crepitating swelling and lameness P.M Finding: Dark coloured muscles with gaseous infiltration Examination of smears made from affected tissues or fluid from the swelling Isolation of the organism

11. Necropsy findings :- Lying on the side with the affected hind limb stuck out stiffly---characteristic position Bloating and putrefaction occurs quickly Blood stained froth from nostrils and anus Incision ---- dark red to black swollen tissue with rancid odor---gas bubbles

12. Treatment:- Penicillin @10,000units/Kg bwt IM & loacally daily for 5-6 days Oxytetracyline in doses i.e 10 mg/Kg bwt IM or IV Incise the swelling and drains off B.Q. antiserum in large doses ,if available Use of Antipyretics e.g Inj.Vetalgin 20-30 ml IM Use of Antihistaminics e.g Inj.Avil / Cadistin / Zeet @5-10 ml IM Fluid therapy inj. DNS 5% IV

13. Prophylaxis/Control:- General measures: Isolation of infected and in contact animals Disposal of carcass either by deep burial or burning Proper disinfection of surgical instrument prior to operation Don’t allow grazing in affected area Vaccination: Alum Precipitated B.Q. Vaccine @5ml s/c each year before rainy season The immunity develops in 2-3 weeks and remains for 6 months.

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