Bleeding

Medical Presentation

1. BLEEDING DONE BY : NOEL CHRISTIAN Group 6

2. What is Bleeding? Bleeding , or hemorrhage, is the name used to describe blood loss due to rupture of blood vessel.

3. Types of Bleeding I nternal   bleeding : blood loss inside the body . External bleeding : blood loss outside of the body.

4. Classification of Bleeding Arterial bleeding: - blood comes from artery - blood is bright red in color - blood comes in jets - blood loss is rapid - can cause death easily Venous Bleeding: - blood comes from veins - blood is dark red in color - blood flows as a continuous stream Capillary bleeding: - blood comes from capillaries - blood slow and oozes - less red than arterial bleeding - not serious

5. Signs & Symptoms Faint & giddiness Cold and clammy skin Weak and rapid pulse Shallow breathing with gasps Profuse sweating Thirst Blurred vision unconciousness

6. Controlling External B leeding Direct Pressure Can be applied by First aider’s hands Pressure applied for 10 to 30 minutes After control, apply firm bandage Don’t remove dressing

7. Elevation Used same time as direct pressure Above the level of the heart Gravity helps to lower blood pressure & bleeding is slowed Not to be used in the case of fracture or spinal injuries

8. Tourniquet Extremity injury only Once applied don’t remove

9. The don'ts Don’t peek into the wound to see if the bleeding has stopped. Don’t pull any object out of the wound this can cause more bleeding. Don’t remove dressing if it gets soaked with blood, just add another layer of bandage. Don’t clean large wounds, can cause heavier bleeding. Don’t clean wound after controlling bleeding. Get medical help.

10. Alternative methods Pressure points is where the main artery lies towards the surface and over the bone There are 22 pressure points. 11 on each side

11. Splinting Use to control bleeding Stabilizes Not effective for arterial bleeding Maintains pressure

12. Special situations Nose bleeds (Epistaxis) Controlling:- * have patient sit down and lean forward * you or patient apply direct pressure * keep patient calm * do not let patient lean back * if unconscious position patient on side

13. Head injuries * fractured skull * loss of CSF * do not attempt to stop bleeding

14. Internal bleeding

15. Suspected when Wounds that have penetrated the skull Blood from ears and nose Patient vomiting or coughing blood Bruising Blood in the urine Rectal or vaginal bleeding Fractures Tenderness, rigid abdomen

16. Signs & Symptoms Injuries to body surface Bruising Pain, swelling or deformed extremities Bleeding from orifices Tender, rigid, distended abdomen Vomiting Dark tarry stool or bright red blood Signs & symptoms of shock

17. Management Lay casualty down with head low, to ensure blood supply to brain Raise legs, if no fracture Control serious external bleeding Loosen tight clothing Check vital signs and responsiveness (10 min interval) If unconscious, open airway and resuscitate if necessary After recovery put in recovery position Keep casualty covered Keep record of any specimen passed or vomited Shift to hospital Do not give anything to drink or eat