blood and blood products components of blood

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1. BLOOD & BLOOD PRODUCTS

2. Objectives Properties Functions Blood Products

3. Blood Blood is considered as River of life, Fluid of life, growth & health Average human has 5 litres of blood i.e , 8% of total body weight It is a transporting fluid It carries vital substances to all parts of the body

4. Properties Of Blood Colour range Oxygen-rich blood is scarlet red bright crimson Oxygen-poor blood is purple red. Red colour comes from the several million red cells, present in it pH must remain between 7.35–7.45 Temp 38 ˚ c or 100.4 ˚ F

5. Properties Of Blood Blood is 5 times more viscous than water . Blood is a specialized type of connective tissue in which living blood cells, (formed elements), are suspended in a non living fluid matrix called plasma . Cellular Part (Formed Elements) Non cellular part ( Plasma)

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7. Functions Of Blood Blood performs a number of functions Distribution Regulation Protection

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9. Blood Products Components of the blood which are collected from a donor for use in blood transfusion.

10. Blood Products Red Cell Concentrates Platelet Concentrates Granulocyte Concentrate Fresh Frozen plasma Cryoprecipitate Cryo poor plasma Stored plasma Albumin Immunoglobulin Coagulation Factors Plasma Derivatives Plasma Components Cellular Components Blood Whole Blood Fresh Whole Blood

11. Whole Blood Packed Red Blood Cells Platelet Rich Plasma Slow Centrifugation High Speed Centrifugation 1 Unit of Random Donor Platelets 1 Unit of Fresh Frozen Plasma Cryoprecipitate Thawing precipitates the plasma proteins BLOOD COMPONENTS

12. Whole Blood Whole blood = Donor blood + Anticoagulant 1 Unit - 450ml Anticoagulant ( Citrate Phosphate Dextrose) Rich - coagulation factors Hct - 45 % Stored at 2 - 6 ˚ c Shelf life - 35 days

13. Whole Blood Acute blood loss with hypovolaemia Exchange transfusion - severe anaemia at birth - severe hyperbilirubinaemia Massive transfusion Cardiovascular bypass surgery Indications

14. Fresh Whole Blood Packed Red Cells Light spin, 22 o C(within 8 hrs) Platelet Rich Plasma Platelet Concentrate Fresh Plasma Store at 22 o C Freeze(FFP) Heavy spin,22 o C

15. Red Cell Concentrate Also called Packed Red Cells Platelets and plasma are removed I Unit - 330ml Hct – 65 - 75 % Shelf life - 35 days Stored at 2 - 4 ˚ c

16. Red Cell Concentrate Anaemia Thalassemia Sickle cell disease Indications

17. Fresh Frozen Plasma Removed – Fresh blood & Rapidly Frozen 1 Unit – 200 - 250ml Contains all coagulant factors Stored at - 40 to - 50 ˚ c Shelf life – 2 years

18. Fresh Frozen Plasma Single clotting factor deficiency Multiple clotting factors deficiencies-DIC Massive transfusions Warfarin overdose Haemorrhagic disease of neonates TTP Indications

19. Thaw at 4 o C & heavy spin Fresh Frozen Plasma Cryoprecipitate -Refrozen within 1 hr -Store at < - 18 o C Cryoremoved Plasma Freeze -80 o C immediately Stored at < -18 o C

20. Cryoprecipitate Fresh frozen plasma thawed at 4°C Rich in – F – VIII & Fibrinogen I unit = 15 - 20ml Stored at -30°C Shelf life – 2 years

21. Cryoprecipitate Hemophilia A Von Willebrand’s disease FXIII or fibrinogen deficiency Indications

22. Platelets Concentrate Platelet rich plasma – Cent. Stored at – 20 to 24 ˚ c Shelf life – 5 days I unit = 15 - 20ml Uses Thrombocytopenia Drug induced Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE)

23. Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (PCC) Derived from pooled plasma Contains – F – II / IX / & X Emergency reversal of warfarin therapy

24. Autologous Blood Collection / infusion of client’s own blood Can be collected weekly as long as client’s H & H are within safe range Upto 3 weeks before surgery Hct - 45 % Stored at 2 - 6 ˚ c Shelf life - 35 days

25. Function of blood Nutritive function Respiratory function Excretory function Transport of hosmones and enzyme Regulation of water balance Regulation of acid base balance Regulation of body temperature Storage function Defensive function

26. Nutritive Function- Nutritive substances like glucose, amino acids, lipids and vitamins derived from digested foods are absorbed from gastrointestinal tract and carried by blood to different parts of the body for growth and production of energy. Respiratory Function- transport of respiratory gases is done by blood. It carries oxygen from alvioli of the lungs to different tissues and carbon di oxide from tissues to lungs. Excretory Function- W aste products formed in the tissues during various metabolic activities are removed by blood and carried to the excretory organs like kidney, skin, liver etc. for excretion. blood and blood transfusions 27