Blood bank

This is a very short ppt about blood bank created by Wasana Heiyanthuduwa. I hope this will be useful to you especially for nursing students.

1. Blood Bank Ms. Wasana Heiyanthuduwa BSc Nursing Student - 12 th Batch Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Sri Jayewardenepura

2. What is Blood Bank..? A blood bank is a center where blood gathered as a result of blood donation is stored as preserved for later use in blood transfusion. The term ‘Blood Bank’ typically refers to division of a hospital where the storage of blood products occurs and where proper testing is performed . - Wikipedia-

3. Content The policies/ procedures of criteria in selecting blood donors C ounseling of blood donors V arious blood and blood products in a blood bank Steps in checking and documenting of blood and blood products before issuing from the blood bank to a ward/ unit Safety guidelines and procedures for collecting storing blood and blood products within a blood bank/ hospital The roles and responsibilities of the nurse serving in blood bank

4. The policies/ procedures of criteria in selecting blood donors The person must fulfill several criteria to be accepted as a blood donor. These criteria are set forth to ensure the safety of the donor as well as the quality of donated blood .

5. Donor Selection Criteria Age above 18 years and below 60 years. If previously donated, at least 4 months should be elapsed since the date of previous donation. Hemoglobin level should be more than 12g/ dL . (this blood test is done prior to each blood donation) Free from any serious disease condition or pregnancy. Should have a valid identity card or any other document to prove the identity. Free from "Risk Behaviors". Risk Behavior Homosexuals Sex workers and their clients Drug addicts Engaging in sex with any of the above. Having more than one sexual partner

6. Counseling of blood donors Aims of counseling Encourage HIV testing Ensure Voluntary Blood Donation Reduce wastage Develop safe donor pool

7. Two types of counseling Pre donation counseling This is an opportunity to explain to the blood donor about the donation process, the value of honest responses and the benefit of blood donation. 2. Post donation counseling Donors be notified in a confidential manner of test results for TTI markers and any medically significant finding(s) identified during the pre-donation evaluation

8. Pre donation counseling Verify the identification of the donor and ensure that you have the correct Medical History Form. Review the donor information part of the Medical History Form with the donor. Assure the donor that his/her information will be kept confidential. Discuss with the donor risk behavior for HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. Explain to the donor the consequences of not being honest when answering the questions. Encourage feedback and questions from the blood donor .

9. Pre donation counseling ( Cont ) Explain to the donor the quantity of blood to be drawn, tests to be carried out the donated blood and inform him/her that he/she will be notified of the results if any of the results are irregular. Make sure the donor understands the information that you have shared. Inform the donor about the importance of self-exclusion from the donation process if he/she believes his/her blood is not suitable for transfusion. Discourage blood donation in order to obtain tests results. Review the questionnaire with the donor and ask further questions where the responses are not clear. Ask the donor if they have had all their questions adequately answered .

10. Pre donation counseling ( Cont ) Explain to the donor the need for obtaining consent for the blood donation. Explain to the donor the medical examinations to be performed. Thank the donor for taking the time to donate . Counseling donors who are to be deferred from donating at this time Explain to the donor the reason for the deferral and the length of time for which the deferral is effective. If the reason for the deferral is such that the donor should seek further medical advice, explain this to the donor. Address any questions that the donor may have .

11. Counseling donors who are to be deferred from donating at this time ( Cont ) Confirm that the donor has understood your explanation. If the deferral is of a temporary nature, encourage the donor to return for donation when the deferral period has elapsed. If the deferral is permanent, ensure that the donor has understood that they should NEVER present for blood donation at any venue in the future. Record the date and time of the counseling on the Medical History Form.

12. Post donation counseling Counseling should be conducted in an environment that is conducive to a confidential, one-to-one discussion between the counselor and the donor. Whether it is provided in a fixed location or mobile setting, the venue for donor counseling should provide adequate audio and visual privacy and confidentiality .

13. Post donation counseling ( Cont ) In the case of a blood donor who has a confirmed TTI reactive result: Inform the donor of the result simply and clearly. Give the donor time to consider the information. Ensure that the donor understands the result. Allow the donor to ask questions. Help the donor cope with emotions arising from the test result.

14. Post donation counseling ( Cont ) Inform the donor of the following – Possible routes of infection. The distinction between HIV and AIDS (if the donor was reactive for HIV). The likely progress of the infection. Safe sex practices . Treatment options. Discuss possible disclosure of the result, including when and how this may happen and to whom. Provide information on how to prevent the further transmission of infection. That the donor and his/her sex partner should NEVER donate blood for transfusion purposes in the future .

15. Post donation counseling ( Cont ) Discuss any immediate concerns and assist the donor to suggest a person among their close family and friends who may be available and acceptable to offer immediate support. Describe follow-up services that are available in the health facility and in the community, with special attention to available services for treatment, care and support Provide information on other relevant preventive health measures, such as healthy lifestyles and good nutrition.

16. Post donation counseling ( Cont ) Encourage and offer referral for the testing and counseling of partners and children. Arrange a specific date and time for a follow-up visit or referral for treatment, care, counseling, support and other services, as appropriate .

17. Various blood and blood products in a blood bank

18. Various blood and blood products in a blood bank (Cont.) Whole blood Blood collected in to CPDA-1 anticoagulant containing bags Contains 450ml (+/-10%) of donor blood (blood cells and plasma) 63ml of and anticoagulant such as CPD (Citrate, Phosphate, Dextrose) Hct 35-45% Stored at 2-6 C Shelf life – with CPD 21 days, with CPDA-1 (Adenine) - 35days

19. Red concentrate / Packed RBC Red cells with 1/3 of the original plasma Saline solution containing added adenine, glucose and manitol , adsol or optimal additive solution 45g of hemoglobin per unit Stored at 2-6 0C 21-35 days or up to 42 days with added above solutions Volume - 250ml Hct 55-75% Contain RBC, WBC and small amount of plasma

20. Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) Plasma removed from RBC within 6-8 hrs of collection is rapidly frozen to bellow -30 C temperature. Before transfusion is necessary to thaw at 37 C Once thawed, there is rapid deterioration of clotting factor, therefore it is very important to use the immediately after thawing Dose – 10-12ml by weight Shelf life – 12 months Stored at < - 30 C

21. Platelet Rich Plasma Gentle centrifugation of whole blood Supernatant transferred to the 2nd bag Platelet concentrate Prepared from PRP by 2nd centrifugation Removal of all but 50ml of plasma Contain approximately ≥55╳109platelets 60-80% platelets present in whole blood unit Volume - 300ml Stored at 20-240C Shelf life - 5 days

22. Cryoprecipitate Volume - 15ml bags, usual dose of 4-6bags Stored at < -25 C Shelf life - Up to 1 year Other products Immunoglobulin Albumin Coagulation factor concentrate

23. References Wikipedia www.who.int www.nbts.health.gov.lk www.nursingtimes.net www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.nzblood.co.nz

24. Contact : [email protected]