Blood Collection via different techniques

Phlebotomy procedure, components

1. COLLECTION OF BLOOD SAMPLE

2. Collection of blood There are two techniques of obtaining blood sample. Capillary (skin) puncture technique. Veni-puncture technique.

3. Capillary (skin) puncture technique Requirements Swab or gauge Spirit (70% alcohol) Sterile lancet

4. Capillary (skin) puncture technique This method is done by pricking the skin and only few drops of blood can be obtained by this manner. Blood collected by this method should be manipulated (used) immediately. Hb %, RBC count, WBC count, Platelet count, Retic count, DLC, smear for malaria etc can be done with capillary blood. In adults, capillary blood is obtained from one of the finger or lobe of the ear while in infants, the ball of the thumb, big toe or the heel.

5. Capillary (skin) puncture technique continued….. Procedure: Examine the site to be punctured to make sure that there is no oedema or congestion. Both the patient and the operator should be seated comfortable and in good light. All the apparatus must be ready before the site is punctured. Clean the site to be punctured with spirit and allow it to be dried completely By using a sterile lancet, prick the skin deep enough(2-4mm) to ensure the free flow of blood. Wipe off the first drop and use the remaining blood according to the need. Squeezing of the finger is not permissible as this will dilute the blood with the tissue fluid.

6. Capillary (skin) puncture technique

7. Veni -puncture technique Venous blood is preferred because a number of investigations can be done and repeated with the same blood and because the method is comparatively easier and also large volume of blood is obtained.

8. Veni-puncture technique Requirements Swab or gauge Spirit (70% alcohol) Tourniquet Disposable syringe Tubes

9. Veni-puncture technique continued…… Protocols Both the patient and the operator should be seated comfortable and in good light. Ideally the patient should be lying down. Check all the equipments. The needle should be sharp and tight fitting. It should not be too fine or too long(19 or 20 gauge are suitable). The syringe should be dry and all the air expelled from it. The bottle or tube to receive the sample must be ready at hand. One of the veins in the cubetal fossa is chosen. If despite every effort it is not found, the veins on the Dorsum of hand or on lower leg can be attempted but by an expert.

10. Veni-puncture technique continued…… Procedure Make the vein prominent by applying a tourniquet. Select the vein that is more visible and palpable. Clean the target area with spirit swab or gauge and allow it to dry before puncture. Bring the needle to the skin over the vein as parallel as possible keeping the level of the needle turned up and insert the needle in the direction of the vein. Draw the plunger slowly When blood starts flowing into the syringe, release the tourniquet and after sufficient blood has been collected, with draw the needle. Now empty the syringe into the tubes of choice. Gently press the punctured site with a spirit swab or gauge for two minutes (do not rub it).

11. Veni-puncture technique

12. Veni-puncture technique