Blood composition and circulation all our body

Blood

1. Blood
By: Madiha Saleem
RM BSN, MSN (Scholar) DUHS
Dow Institute of Nursing and Midwifery
Dow University of Health Sciences

2. Objectives

By the end of this lecture the students will be able to:

•Define blood and list its functions.

•Describe the composition, sites of production and functions of cellular parts
of blood and plasma.
•
•Discuss the composition of blood plasma.

•Explain the ABO blood group and RH factor.

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3. Blood
•Blood is a connective tissue.

•Composed of a liquid extracellular matrix called blood
plasma that dissolved and suspend various cells and cell
fragments.

•Blood transport oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the
gastrointestinal tract.



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4. Blood
Blood has two components.

•Plasma: fluid part (55%)

•Formed blood cells (45%)
Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Leukocytes (WBCs)
Thrombocytes (Platelets)


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5. Composition of blood
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6. Blood
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7. Blood
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8. Physical Characteristics of Blood

•Blood is more viscous (thicker) than water and feels slightly
sticky.

•The temperature of blood is 38C (100.4F),about 1C higher than
oral or rectal body temperature.

•PH ranging from 7.35 to 7.45.

•The color of Blood varies with its oxygen content.

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9. Physical Characteristics of Blood
• When it has a high oxygen content, it is bright red.

•When it has a low oxygen content, it is dark red.

•The blood volume is 5 to 6 liters (1.5 gal) in an average-sized
adult male.

•4 to 5 liters (1.2 gal) in an average-sized adult female.
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10. Functions of the Blood
•Transports: O2, CO2, nutrients, waste, hormones.

•Regulates: Circulating blood, maintain homeostasis, regulate pH,
adjust body temperature.

•Protection Protect against foreign microbes and toxins.

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11. Plasma
•The fluid matrix of the blood is called blood plasma.

•When the formed elements are removed from blood, a straw colored
liquid called blood plasma (or simply plasma) is left.
•91% water
•2% solutes
• Nutrients, waste products, gases, enzymes, hormones
•7% proteins
•Albumin, globulin, fibrinogen

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12. Plasma
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13. Substances in Blood Plasma
•Water (91%)


•Water (91%) Liquid portion of blood.


•Acts as solvent and suspending medium for components of
blood; absorbs, transports, and releases heat.

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14. Proteins (7.0%)
Albumins
•Smallest and most numerous blood plasma proteins; produced by liver.
•Function as transport proteins for several steroid hormones and for
fatty acids.
Globulins
•Alpha and beta globulins transport iron, lipids, and fat-soluble
vitamins.
Fibrinogen
•Produced by liver. Plays role in blood clotting
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15. Gases
•Gases Oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogen (N2).
Regulatory Enzymes
•It is produced by body cells, catalyze substances chemical reactions.
Hormones
• Hormones, produced by endocrine glands, regulate metabolism, growth, and
development.
Vitamins
•Vitamins are cofactors for enzymatic reactions.
Waste products
• Most are breakdown products of protein.
•metabolism and are carried by blood to organs of excretion. Include urea, uric acid,
creatinine, bilirubin, and ammonia.

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16. Functions of Blood Plasma
•Transport Nutrients


•Transport Waste


•Maintain Blood Volume

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17. ABO Blood group
•The ABO blood group is based on two glycolipid antigen called
A and B.

People whose RBCs display only antigen A have type A blood.

Those who have only antigen B are type B.

Those who have both A and B antigen type AB

Individual who have neither A nor B are type O.
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18. Blood Group
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19. Blood Types Compatibility
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20. Universal Donor & Universal Recipient
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21. Rh Blood Group
•The RH Blood Group is so named because the antigen was discovered
in the blood of the Rhesus monkey.

•The alleles of three genes may code for the RH antigen.

•Peoples whose RBCs have Rh antigens are designated Rh+(Rh
positive).

•Those who lack Rh antigens are designated Rh-(Rh negative).

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22. Reference


Gerard j. Tortora Bryan Derrick son Principle of Anatomy and
physiology 11th edition Pg. (667-687)



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