BLOOD COMPOSITION.pptx

PHYSIOLOGY OF BLOOD

1. BLOOD COMPOSITION AND ITS FUNCTIONS BLOOD COMPOSITION AND ITS FUNCTIONS

2. BLOOD COMPOSITION BLOOD: blood is the main circulating fluid in the human body. Study of blood is called HAEMATOLOGY. It is a fluid connective tissue derived from mesoderm. Bright red in colour, slightly alkaline (pH 7.4), salty, and heavier than water. The adult has 5 lit of blood which constitute about 8% of the total body weight.

3. Blood is divided into two constituents, 1.cellular composition 2.no n -cellu l ar c omp o sition

4. Blood Cellular c o m p o siti o n Blood c o r p u sc l es RB Cs W BCs Granulocyte Ne ut r o p h il Eosinophi l B a sop h il Agranulocyte Mono c y t e L ym p h o c y t e p l a t el e ts Non-cellular c o m p o siti o n P l asma

5. Cellular c omposition RBCs WBCs pl a t e l e ts

6. ERYTHROCYTE\RBCs: Erythrocytes are also called as red blood corpuscles . They are circular , biconcave , enucleated cells. Its size 7 .8 micro met er in diameter to 2.5 micro meter in thickness. The average volume of the RBC is 90 to 95 cubic micrometers. There are about 5.1 to 5.8 million RBCs per cu.mm in adult male and in adult female it is about 4.3 to 5.2 million. Average life span is of 120 days . RBSs can concentrate hemoglobin in the cell fluid up to about 34 g/100 ml of cells.

7. Hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cells in your blood normally 40% to 45% The whole blood of men contains an average of 15 g hemoglobin/100ml for women, it contains an average of 14 g hemoglobin/100 ml. Each gram of hemoglobin can combine with 1.34 ml of oxygen if the hemoglobin is 100% saturated In the average man , a maximum of about 20 milliliters of oxygen can be carried in combination with hemoglobin in each 100 milliliters of blood, and in women 19 milliliters of oxygen can be carried

8. WBCs Granulocytes Neutrophil Eosinophil Basoph il Agranulocytes Mon oc y t e L ymph oc y t e

9. LEUCOCYTES\WBCs: Leucocytes are also known as white blood corpuscles They are colourless , nucleated , amoeboid , and phagocytes cells. Due the amoeboidal movement they squeeze out of blood capillaries, this is called as DIAPEDESIS . It i s of size 8 to 15 micron metre They are about 5000 to 9000 WBCs per cu.mm The average life span i s of 3 to 4 days .

10. Leucocytes are divided in two types on the basis of presence of granules are as follows WBCs Granulocytes Agranulocytes

11. Granulocytes Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil

12. GRANULOCYTE Cytoplasmic granules, that stained with basic dyes such as methylene blue . Twisted nucleus. They constitute about 0.5% of total WBCs. Functions : they are non-phagocytic . They release heparin(anti- coagulant) and histamine also. EOSINOPHIL Cytoplasmic granules which are stained with acidic dyes such as eosin. Nucleus is bilobed constitutes 3% of total WBCs. Functions : They are non-phagocytic and increase during a llergic reactions They show anti- histamine property. Increase in number of eosinophil is called as EOSINOPHILIA . BASOPHIL

13. Agranulocyte L ymp h ocy t e Monoc y t e

14. AGRANULOCYTE Lymphocyte : Large round nucleus . It constitute about 25 - 33% of total WBCs. Functions : it produces antibodies and responsible for immune response of the body. Monocytes : Largest of all WBCs , kidney shaped nucleus . It constitute about 3- 9% of total WBCs. Functions : they are phagocytic in function, so they known as SCAVENGER.

15. PLATELETS : This are small fragments of bone marrow cells and therefore not really classified as cells themselves. Functions : vasoconstriction. form temporary platelet plug to stop bleeding. secret e procoagulants to promotes blood clotting. digest and destroy bacteria. S ec rete some chemicals to attract neutrophil and monocyte to the site of inflammation. secr ete growth factor to maintain the lining of blood vessel.

16. Non – cellular composition Plasma

17. Plasma : It is straw coloured , slightly alkaline , viscous fluid. It contains 90-92 % water , 10% of solutes and 7% of protein. Plasma proteins such as serum albumin , serum globulin , heparin , fibrinogen and prothrombin as a coagulating factors in the inactive form. nutrients such as glucose , amino acids, & glycerols . Nitrogenous waste as urea , uric acid , ammonia, and creatinine . Gases like oxygen, carbon- dioixde , nirtogen . Regulatory substances such as enzymes and hormones . Inorganic substances like bicarbonates , chlorides, phosphates, sulphates, Na, K, Ca & Mg ions, etc.

18. Functions of blood : REGULATION : Regulates pH Adjusts and maintain body temperature Maintains water contents of cells Hemoglobin is an excellent acid-base buffer TRANSPORTATION : Respiration Nutrient carrier from GIT Transportation of hormones from endocrine glands Transportation of metabolic waste. PROTECTION : WBCs protects against disease by phagocytosis Reservoir for substances like water,electrolytes. Performs ha e mo s t as i s.