Blood forming organs and Hematopoiesis.ppt

this presentaion include information about, what is the Blood? blood content, blood cells production organs, interautrine blood formation etc.

1. Developed by Dr.
AbdulrazzakOthman Alagbare
Clinical Pathologist -Hematology Lecturer_MD
blood forming organs-&
HEMATOPOIESIS

2. Hematology is the study of blood.
Blood: is the fluid where the cells are free and suspended.
It can cross the tissues.
Has red color.
Has volume of 5-6 liters, this is 7-8% of the total body weight.
Has pH of 7.3-7.4 (alkaline).
Specific gravity is 1.055-1.056

3. Composition of the Blood
The blood composed of two parts
1-liquid part called plasma and constitute
about 54,3% of whole blood
2-cellular part (formed elements
Plasmaconsists of 91-92% water, and 8-9%solids.

4. Many other products.
Also there are such substances, like
antibodies, hormones, complement and enzymes.
Solids are:
1.Albumin. Glucose.
2.Fibrinogen. Sodium.
3.Calcium. Potassium.
4.Cholesterol. Magnesium.
5.Carbon dioxide. Oxygen.
6.Phosphorus.

5. Cellular part (formed elements)
a)Whole blood is (plasma and cells)
b)The cells are forming about 45-47% of the total blood volume in male and 42% in
female.
c)Red blood cells (Erythrocytes) and constitute about 45% of whole blood
d)White blood cells (Leukocytes) constitute about 0.7%.
e)Platelets (Thrombocytes) constitute about 0.3%.

7. Cellular parts of the blood (45-47%):
Consists of:
The erythrocytes (RBCs) (~45%) –
Containhemoglobin
Functionin the transport of O
2and CO
2
The Leukocytes (WBCs) and platelets (thrombocytes) (~1%)
a)Leukocytesare involved in the body’s defense against the invasion of foreign
antigens.
b)Plateletsare involved in hemostasis which forms a barrier to limit blood loss at
an injured site.

8. Composition of the Blood

9. Functions of Blood:
1 -Transportation:
oxygen & carbon dioxide-nutrients
waste products (metabolic wastes, excessive water, & ions)
2 –Regulation: temperature and pH
3 -Protection :
a)From bleeding (clotting factor)
b)And immune protection (antibodies-WBC)

10. Blood Facts
1.TheaverageadulthasaboutFIVElitersofbloodinsideoftheirbody,whichmakes
up7-8%oftheirbodyweight.
2.Bloodislivingtissuethatcarriesoxygenandnutrientstoallpartsofthebody,and
carriescarbondioxideandotherwasteproductsbacktothelungs,kidneysandliver
fordisposal.
3.Italsofightsagainstinfectionandhelpshealwounds,sowecanstayhealthy.
4.Thereareaboutonebillionredbloodcellsintwotothreedropsofblood.
5.Forevery600redbloodcells,thereareabout40plateletsandonewhitecell.

11. Hematopoiesis

12. Hematopoiesis
Definition:
it is all the process or steps of blood cells production,
development, differentiation and maturation. Or
The formation of different types of blood elements
a)Proliferation of progeny stem cells
b)Differentiation and maturation of the stem cells into the
functional cellular elements.

13. Details
1-Proliferationis the process during which the cells in the bone marrow
are instructed to produce new blood cells or to stop producing new cells.
2-Differentiationof progenitor cells. is the process during which the cells
commit to becoming a specific cell line or specific cell typeas they
mature
3-ApoptosisIs the normal death of the cells
3-Maturation and affect the function of mature non-dividing cells

14. G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

16. 1-Hematopoiesis in fetus (prenatal period)
The hematopoiesisstart early in the fetus, and could
be derived to three anatomic stages:
First stage Firsttrimester
Name: Mesoblasticstage
Site: Yolk sac and Mesotheliallayers of placenta
Period 0-2 months
First stage

17. Secondstage Second trimester
Name: Hepatic stage
Site: Liver and spleen and lymphoid tissues
Period 2-7 months
Third stage Third trimester
Name: Myeloid stage
Site: Bone marrow from the 4
th
month learn to be the
main normal heamatopoieticorgan in childhood
and adult life.
Period 5-9 months
Second stage
Third stage

18. 0-2 months (yolk sac)
2-7 months (liver, spleen)
5-9 months (bone marrow)
Fetus
Infants
Adults
Bone marrow (practically all bones)
1.Epiphysis of long bones
2.Ribs –Vertebrae -Skull
3.Sternum -pelvis
Site of haemopoiesisDuring all the human life
First trimester
Second trimester
Third trimester:
During infancy: all marrow cavities are active in erythropoiesis "Red Marrow".

19. Hematopoiesisduring infancyand up to about 4
years of age During infancy: all marrow
cavities are active in erythropoiesis(almost all
the bones of the body ) AND CALLED "Red
Marrow".

20. HematopoiesisDuring childhood And adult life :
Erythropoiesisbecomes gradually restricted
to flat bones as;
skull, vertebrae,sternum, Ribs and pelvic
bones, in addition to ends of long bones.
The shafts of long bones become populated
by fat AND CALLED "yellowmarrow".

23. PRIMARY LYMPHOID ORGANS
1.Bone Marrow
2.Thymus
SECONDARY LYMPHOID ORGANS
1.Spleen
2.Lymph Nodes
3.Other Secondary Organs
The main Hematopoietic organs in adult life
(primary hematopoietic
organ)
Reticuloendothelial System
(RES) (the secondary
heamatopoietic organ )
RES is a part of the hematopoietic tissue that produces and forming
blood cells.
Because it’s have the same tissue with the bone marrow,

24. PRIMARY
LYMPHOID
ORGANS
And
SECONDARY
LYMPHOID
ORGANS

25. PRIMARY LYMPHOID ORGANS
PRIMARY LYMPHOID
ORGANS
1.Bone Marrow
2.Thymus

26. 1-Bone marrow structure
The marrow may be considered a large
organ weighting from 1600-3700 gr.
The bone marrow is made up of:
30-70% hematopoietic cells
Stromal cells including
1.fat cells-
2.Mesenchymalstem cells
3.and fibrocytes, with extracellular
connective tissue,
4.Sinusoidal and vascular spaces.

27. Bone marrow structure
Bone marrow secretion
Stromal cells secrete several
substances such as
growth factors necessary for
stem cell survival.
secrete extracelular
molecules such as
collagen,glycoproteinsand
others

28. The thymus which is a small, flat, bilobed organ found in the thorax,
or chest cavity
Weight 30 g at birth, reaches about 35 g at puberty, and then
gradually atrophies
FunctionT cells develop their identifying characteristics
PRIMARY LYMPHOID ORGANS
thymus

29. Consist of
1-Spleen
The spleen (an organ in the
upper abdomen that makes
lymphocytes and filters old blood
cells from the blood)
2-Lymph nodes
Small bean-shaped organs
called lymph nodes.
Clusters of lymph nodes are
found –underarm, pelvis.neck,
and abdomen
3-The tonsils (an organ in the
throat) are also part of the lymph
system.
SECONDARY LYMPHOID ORGANS
The secondary heamatopoieticorgan -RES )

30. The lymph system
The lymph system is made
up of thin tubes that branches
like blood vessels, into all
parts of the body.
lymph vessels carry lymph,
which is
a colorless,
watery fluid that
contains lymphocytes and

31. END OF THE LESSON