Blood picture anemia and carbonyl iron.ppt

All about Anaemia and carbonyl iron

1. Anaemia
•Anaemia -is a Condition in which the oxygen carrying capacity
of blood is reduced.
•Anaemia signifies a decreased amount of Haemoglobin in the
blood
•34.3% of pregnant women are anaemic.
•Iron deficiency anaemia continues to be the commonest
nutritional anaemia the world over.

2. Signs & Symptoms
Tissue Hypoxia C.V.S. Compensatory
Response
Weakness : Drowsiness : Low grade Fever
Vertigo : irritability : Jaundice
Headache : Loss of Libido : Splenomegaly
Breathlessness : Tinitus : Heart failure
Insomnia : Fatigue
Palor of -Skin, Mucous membrane, Nails. Conjunctive

3. Normal Haemoglobin Content
Men : 12-15 gm/100 ml of blood (12 -15 gm %)
Women : 11-14 gm/100 ml of blood (11 -14 gm %)
•The total iron in the body : 400mg
•60% is in circulation.
•Balance stored in the liver and Reticulo Endothelial Cells.
•1 ml of RBC contains 1 mg of iron.
•20-25 ml of Red Blood Cells are broken down daily.
•1mg of iron is lost per day through urine and faeces.
•The remaining 19-24 mg of iron is reutilised production of
more Haemoglobin in the newly formed RBC.

4. Anaemia Classified According to its Etiology
1. Anaemia due to Dietory Deficiency of Factors
•Iron
•Vitamin B
12
•Pyridoxine
•Folic Acid
•Vitamin C
•Protein
2. Anaemia due to blood loss
•Menorrhagia
•Piles
•Fissures in Anus
•Gastric Ulcer
•Hookworm
•Infestation
Contd/..

5. 3. Anaemia due to Excessive Blood Destruction:
•Sickle Cell Anaemia •Autoimmune
Haemolytic
Anaemia
4. Anaemia due to Aplasia or Hypoplasia of the
Bone Marrow
5. Anaemia of uncertain origin :
•Infection •Rheumatoid
•Arthritis •Liver Disease
•Malignant Diseases

6. ELEMENTAL IRON
•The amount of iron available for absorption.
ELEMENTAL IRON CONTENT IN VARIOUS IRON SALTS
Ferrous Fumarate 33%
Ferrous Glycine Sulphate 18.6%
Ferrous Sulphate (Dried) 30%
Ferrous Sulphate
20%
For Pregnant Patients daily requirement of elemental iron is 80-100 mg
Ferric ammonium citrate 12%

7. ROLE OF ZINC
•Prevents congenital malformation (Spina bifida).
•Deficiency leads to poor growth and development of foetus.
•Deficiency results in prolonged labour.
•Adding zinc to prenatal iron & folate improves maternal & neonatal zinc status.
•Better motor development in LBW infants
•Prevents prematurity
ROLE OF FOLIC ACID
•Folic Acid -Necessary for synthesis of nucleic acids.
-Provide suitable environment in the intestine for iron
absorption
-Is required for cell division & organ formation that takes
place in the first trimester of pregnancy.
-Important nutrient for women of reproduction age
-Prevents Neural tube defects in foetus

8. ROLE OF CARBONYL IRON
•98% Pure Iron
•Does not contain Iron Salts
•Virtually non-toxic
•Carbonyl Iron is a form of Iron easily absorbed by the body
•Carbonyl Iron is essentially pure Iron –unlike traditional supplements that
contain Iron Salts
•Carbonyl Iron is less likely to cause constipation and diarrhoea –a significant
problem with Iron Salt supplements
•Traditional forms of Iron are poorly absorbed (less than 1 %). It is the
unabsorbed Iron that has a toxic effect on the body. The irritation in the lower
intestine causes constipation and in some cases diarrhoes, as the body tries to
rid itself of the excess Iron.
•Carbonyl Iron is a safe alternative to ferrous sulphate & ferric salts in the
prevention of Iron deficiency.
•Studies have shown that Carbonyl Iron offers an excellent safety profile.
•No adverse effect has been reported with this form of elemental Iron, even
with dosage as high as 10 g per day. (This dose strength of Iron sulphate
would be fatal).

9. CARBONYL IRON –An Ideal Iron Supplement
Efficacy
High Elemental Iron content –98%
Bioavailability –More than 2 times higher than Ferrous Sulphate on
equivalent weight basis.
Uniform release –unlike other iron salts which have a very high initial release
Safety
Low toxicity
High doses of Carbonyl Iron (600 mg) were administered 3 times a day for 3
weeks without toxic effect to human volunteers –Am. J. Clin. Nutr; 46;1987 pp 1029-34
No G.I. Irritation even at high doses
No drug interactions