Blood_Presentation for expe pharmacology

Notes

1. Blood: Composition, Functions & Disorders A Comprehensive Overview Prepared by [Your Name]

2. Introduction to Blood • Blood is a vital fluid in the human body that circulates oxygen and nutrients. • It plays a crucial role in immunity, clotting, and waste removal. • Composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

3. Composition of Blood • Plasma (55% of blood volume): Water, proteins, hormones, nutrients. • Red Blood Cells (RBCs): Carry oxygen using hemoglobin. • White Blood Cells (WBCs): Defend against infections. • Platelets: Help in blood clotting.

4. Functions of Blood • Transport: Carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste. • Regulation: Maintains body temperature, pH balance, and fluid levels. • Protection: White blood cells fight infections; platelets help in clotting.

5. Types of Blood Cells • Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes): Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. • White Blood Cells (Leukocytes): Five types - Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils. • Platelets (Thrombocytes): Essential for blood clotting.

6. Blood Groups & Compatibility • Four main blood groups: A, B, AB, and O. • Rh factor: Determines whether blood type is positive or negative. • Blood transfusion compatibility is crucial for patient safety.

7. Blood Clotting (Hemostasis) • Process that prevents excessive bleeding. • Three stages: - Vasoconstriction: Blood vessels narrow. - Platelet Plug Formation: Platelets stick to the injury site. - Coagulation: Fibrin forms a stable clot.

8. Blood Disorders • Anemia: Low RBC count or hemoglobin. • Leukemia: Cancer of white blood cells. • Hemophilia: Impaired blood clotting. • Thrombosis: Formation of blood clots in blood vessels.

9. Conclusion • Blood is essential for transport, immunity, and clotting. • Understanding blood components helps in diagnosing and treating diseases. • Regular blood donation can save lives!