BLOOD TRANSFUSION. BLOOD GROUPING AND TRASFUSION

blood

1. BLOOD TRANSFUSION

2. In emergencies an injured person may die... How can we save his life? Blood Transfusion Any criteria for Blood Transfusion?

3. Do you know your blood group? Y E S A B AB O

4. Human Blood Groups

5. Human Blood Groups A B Agglutination Donor Recipient

6. Collection blood from one person and donating to another person. INDICATIONS Blood loss [Surgery, delevery and accident] For quick restoration of Hb Exchange Transfusion [EBF] Bleeding disorder [ Haemophilia ] Blood disease [ Leukaemia and Anaemia] Acute poisoning [ CO ] Shock

7. Before blood transfusion Blood grouping Cross matching Screening for AIDS, Hepatitis and Malaria etc..

8. Donor Refers to a person who donate the blood and the person who receive blood is a recipient. Donor –healthy Free from communicable diseases (AIDS, Malariya etc .....) Age: above 18

9. Universal donor Blood group ‘O’ Does not contain any Agglutinogen (Antigen ) RBCs will not agglutinated Universal recipient Blood group “AB” Does not contain any Agglutinins (Antibodies )

10. Transfusion incompactibility Rh+ve ----- Rh+ve Rh-ve ----- Rh-ve Rh-ve ----- Rh+ve Rh + ve is donated to Rh-ve individual -there may not be any agglutination reaction during First Transfusion. Recipient expose to Rh+ve blood ---produce Rh Antibodies . Rh+ve given Second time- --agglutination---complication.

11. Blood Bank Blood bank is specialized medical centre where blood of different group are collected for transfusion during emergency. Blood collected + EDTA or Citrate Smooth glass or Plastic container. 4ᵒC

12. Label Can Preserved for 3-21 days Name: Age: Sex: Address: Blood Group: Date:

13. Precautions to be observed during blood transfusion Absolute indication Crossmatching Rh+ve never be transfused Rh-ve Donor’s blood always be screened Blood bag/Bottle should be checked Transfusion should be given slow rate Proper aseptic measures Careful watch on recipient condition

14. Blood Disorders Erythrocyte Disorders Polycythemia - an excess of RBCs Anaemia Leukocytes Disorders Leukaemias Ne/ Eosi / Baso /-- utrophilia -- ↑ Ne/ Eosi / baso /-- utropenia --↓

15. Bleeding & Clotting Disorders Platelet disorder Thrombocytopenia Purpura Deficiency of platlets Von Willebrand’s Diseaase Vascular disorders Coagulation disorders Vascular disorders Haemophilia

16. Purpura Deficiency of Platelets Thrombocytopenic Purpura Primary Thrombocytopenic Purpura {Idiopathic} Secondary Thrombocytopenic Purpura

17. Haemophilia-[Royal Disease] Haemophilia A VIII AHG Haemophilia B IX Haemophilia C PTA

18. Vit -K Deficiency Haemolytic Disease in New born baby Dietary deficiency Deficient absorption in adult

19. Clotting Disorders D isseminated I ntravascular c oagulation (DIC)

20. Causes of Anaemia Decreased production of RBC Excesses haemolysis Excesses lose of blood haemorrhage

21. ANAEMIA Deficiency anaemia Blood lose anaemia Aplastic anaemia---Fail to produce RBC Disease and Malignancy anaemia-- Polycythaemia Genetic form of anaemia

22. Deficiency anaemia Iron deficiency Anaemia Megaloblastic Anaemia Protein deficiency Anaemia Vitamin Deficiency Anaemia Pernicious Anaemia

23. Blood lose anaemia Acute Post Haemorrhage Anaemia Chronic Post Haemorrhage Anaemia

24. Genetic form of anaemia Thalasemia Sickle Cell Anaemia