blood transfusion indications.pptx and components of blood products

Blood transfusion indication and uses of blood components

1. INDICATIONS OF BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS AND THEIR USES Moderated by: Dr Basavaraj. M Presented by : Vikas Navali and Vikas Patil

2. INDICATIONS OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION Whole blood Transfusion is given in acute blood loss. Packed cells are given in chronic anemia. Blood fractions are given in ITP, hemophilia's.

3. During major surgeries-abdominoperineal surgery, thoracic surgery, hepatobiliary surgery. Following burns; In septicemia. As a prophylactic measure prior to surgery.

4. TYPES OF BLOOD COMPONENTS Red cells. Plasma(Fresh frozen plasma). Platelets. Cryoprecipitate.

5. Packed Red blood cells(PRBC) It is obtained by centrifuging whole blood at 2000-2300 g for 15-20 minutes. One unit contains 300 ml with haematocrit about 70%.One unit raises hb % by 1.0 gram. It is used in chronic anaemias, in old age, in children.

6. Fresh frozen plasma Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is prepared from single units of whole blood or from plasma collected by apheresis techniques. Fresh plasma obtained, is rapidly frozen and stored at -40°c . 1 unit of FFP increases the clotting factors levels by 3%. It can be stored for 2 years.

7. INDICATIONS Bleeding due to excess warfarin, vitamin K deficiency, or deficiency of multiple coagulation factors (e.g. DIC, liver disease, dilutional coagulopathy). Treatment of TTP.
Treatment of Haemophilia.

8. Cryoprecipitate Cryoprecipitate is made from FFP which is frozen and repeatedly thawed in a laboratory . It contains high concentration of certain clotting factors such as Factor VIII, von Willebrand factor and fibrinogen . It is stored at minus 40°C and can be kept for 2 years. Cryoprecipitate is used to raise fibrinogen level at a dose to make plasma fibrinogen level 150 mg/ dl.

9. Indications Fibrinogen deficiency. Von Willebrand disease and haemophilia A if recombinant products are not available

10. Platelet CONCENTRATION One unit is made from four or five donations of whole blood, or from a single platelet apheresis technique. Stored at 20-24°C and must be kept agitated to avoid clumping. Shelf life up to 5 days from collection. One unit of platelet concentration generally increases platelet count by 4000-8000 platelet/ cumm

11. Indications Bleeding due to thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction. Platelets should be transfused irrespective of bleeding when count is <10,000/mm3. Prior to surgery in thrombocytopenic patients.

12. Complications of blood transfusion Transfusion reactions ( hemolytic , non- hemolytic ).
Transmission of infections (hepatitis B, HIV, hepatitis C, malaria, syphilis).
Circulatory overload. Hypocalcemia (due to citrate binding to calcium in stored blood). Hyperkalemia (due to potassium coming out of RBCs in stored blood).

13. Hypothermia (due to massive blood transfusion of fridge stored blood).
Thrombocytopenia iseen in massive blood transfusion because platelets do not survive for long in stored blood.
Iron overload (seen in thalassemia due to recurrent blood transfusion).