Blood_transfusion.ppt veterinary medicine

Blood transfusions

1. “Blood Transfusion in Cattle and Dog”
Department of Veterinary Medicine
Bihar Veterinary College, Patna
(Bihar Animal Sciences University, Patna)
By
Dr. Pallav Shekhar
&
Dr. Vivek Kumar Singh
Unit-2

2. Introduction:
Blood is a fluid connecting tissue consist of a fluid
medium with suspended cellular constituents [WBC &
RBC]
Its main function is to supply oxygen, essential nutrients,
enzymes, hormones, water & electrolytes.
It provides buffering system to the living tissue.
It neurone the metabolic waste product as the 1
st
stage
of there elimination from the body.

3. Blood Group
Sps Recognised Blood Group System Blood group of Clinical Interest
1. Bovine 12 B, J
2. Canine 8 DEA 1.1, 1.2 & 7
3. Equine 8 A, C, Q
4. Feline 3 A, B
5. Ovine 7 B, R

4. Indication
Blood transfusion done is several cases like
 Anaemia
 Trauma
Coagulopathies
Platelet disorder
 Epistaxis

Spleenic rupture
&
 Gastrointestinal haemorrhage.


5. Criteria
The parameter suggesting the need for blood
transfusion include decrease
Hemoglobin (<7g/dl)
 Decrease PCV (<20%)
 Decrease plasma protein concentration (<3.5g/dl),

6. Donor Criteria - Dog
Dog with minimum 25 kg wt.
Age 1-8years
PCV of donar around 40%.
Must be vaccinated
Must be free from blood parasite

7. Cattle and Horses
The Blood donor animals should be:-
Healthy Young adult with good body condition & good body
size.
Free from blood borne dis. viz. Equine infection anaemia
(horse), Bovine leucosis complex, anaplasmosis (cattle).
Donor animal should never receive blood transfusion.
No history of receiving blood-based vaccine eg anaplasmosis
vaccine in cattle.

8. Blood Collection
Restrain the Donor animal with sedation or anaesthesia.
Puncture into the jugular Vein is method of choice using a
4-18 gauge needle.
Collection can be from both jugular veins.
A choke rope to increase the venous blood pressure
facilitates blood collection in cattle.

10. Collection and storage of blood should be done
aseptically.
Collect less than 25% of a donor animal’s blood or 10-
15ml blood/kg body wt. can be drawn off at 1 time
without danger.

11. Blood Collection….

17. Cross Matching Technique
The RBC surface have
antigen which may react
with Antibodies in Plasma
of other animals.
 RBC lysis or
agglutination of RBC or
both but
Natural occurring
Antibodies are rare in
animals as in man thus it
is safe to give first blood
transfusion without cross
matching.
There are two types of
cross matching:-
Major cross match
Technique.
Minor cross match
Technique

18. Collect 2ml blood from donor
and recipient in test tube
having anticoagulant EDTA or
citrate.
Centrifuge the tube and
collect plasma in separate
tube.
Wash the donor and recipient
RBC 3 times with 0.9% normal
saline solution.
Centrifuge after each washing.
Prepare 3-4% washed cell
suspension of donor and
recipient RBC in normal saline,
percentage is not critical
Major cross match consist of
combining equal vol. two drop
of donor RBC suspension and
recipient plasma mixed in
equal quantity.
Minor cross match consist of
combining equal vol. two drop
of donor plasma and
necipient red cell suspension.
 This is reverse of major cross
match.
 This method is important only
in species with naturally
occurring iso antibodies or if
the donor has been previously
transfused or in more
previously pregnant.

20. Matching and Cross matching test before Blood Transfusion

21. Blood Volume required
Ruminant, Blood lost (litre) =
[Normal PCV – Patient PCV] x 0.08 x Body wt.
Normal PCV

22. Feline, Vol. of blood to transfuse (ml)=
Body wt (kg) x Desired increased in Hb x 70
Donor Hb

23. Canine, Vol. of blood to transfuse (ml)=
Body wt (kg) x 90 x (Desired PCV – Patient PCV)
Donor PCV

24. Rate of Blood Transfusion
The blood should be transfused at slow rate (0.25ml/kg/h) for
the 1
st
15 min & then animals monitored for adverse
reaction.
Whole blood frequently is not the ideal product to be
administered in all situation.
If O2 carrying capacity is reduced => only RBC
Replacement of circulatory vol. => Crystalloid or colloid
solution.
Coagulopathy disorder => Fresh & frozen plasma
Thrombocytopenia=> Platelets.

25. Risk of Blood Transfusion
Restlessness,
Sweating,
Hiccuph
Tachycardia,
Tachypnoea
& dyspnoea.
Tympany in ruminants
Salivation
Vomition
Horses are highly susceptible
Risk is much greater with transfusion & reaction usually is evident
within 1
st
few min of administration.

26. Epinephrine (1:1000) @ 50ml/450kg B.wt. S/C or I/M
route.
Rapid acting corticosteroid
Prednisolone sodium @ 0.5 - 1 mg/kg Body wt. I/m
Dexamethasone @ 0.5 – 0.1 mg/kg Body wt. I/V

27. Disadvantages
Acute haemolysis
Sepsis from contaminated Blood
Hypocalcaemia from too much citrate and hypervolemia
Urticaria fever or vomition are seen occasionally spread
of disease may occur from donor to recipient such as
anaplasma, babesia.
 Retrovirus (feline or bovine leukaemia, equine infections
anaemia) and some rickettsial & bacterial disease.

28. Thank You
2002 2007
2007