BLOOD UREA NITROGEN and it's assessment.pptx

Blood urea nitrogen and it's assessment

1. BUN (BLOOD UREA NITROGEN) BY: AROOJ FATIMA ROLL NO. : PLSC51S20RO33

2. Objectives: Introduction of BUN BUN levels in relation to kidneys and liver Methods of Determination Clinical Uses and interpretation

3. What is BUN? 

4. Introduction BUN stands for blood urea nitrogen, which is a natural byproduct of the breakdown of protein.
Blood Urea Nitrogen test performed in laboratory to assess the nitrogen content especially in the form of urea present in our blood using a standard blood sample. Abnormal BUN levels may indicate kidney or liver dysfunction. Nitrogen is the key component of urea, making urea the primary waste product in the blood containing nitrogen. Measuring nitrogen levels is usually easier, faster and cost effective than directly measuring urea.

5. Clinical Significance Formation and Role: BUN serves as an essential indicator of kidney and liver function. Elevated BUN levels may signal kidney dysfunction or other health issues. It also serves as an indicator of hydration status and protein imbalance. Protein Breakdown: The body breakdown Protein in to amino acids. This protein can come from diet which is broken down into amino acids in small intestine and protein can also come from the body’s own tissues such as muscles liver by the process of proteolysis. Liver role: The amino acids are deaminated releasing ammonia. Ammonia is then combined with carbon dioxide to form urea.

6. Kidney role: Urea is transferred to kidneys where it is filtered out. If the kidneys are unable to eliminate urea, Consequences of kidney Dysfunction: 1. If kidneys failed to eliminate urea. Urea will build up in the bloodstream. 2. As urea levels rise, BUN levels also increase. 3. Elevated BUN levels can lead to azotemia, a condition characterized by excessive nitrogen waste in the blood. 4. If left untreated, azotemia can progress to uremia, a more severe condition.

7. Reference Ranges In Plasma/Serum: 7-20mg/dl In Urine: 12-20mg/dl

8. Sample Collection - A healthcare provider draws a blood sample, typically from a vein in your arm (usually the front of the elbow or the back of the hand).
- The needle insertion is quick and relatively painless. - Red top tube or Gel barrier tube is usually preferred.
- The collected blood is then sent to a laboratory for analysis.

9. Methods of Determination Enzymatic Assay Chemical Assay

10. Measurement Methods Chemical Assay: - The most common method involves measuring the amount of urea in the blood using a chemical reaction.
- Enzymes (such as urease) catalyze the breakdown of urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide.
- The resulting ammonia reacts with other compounds to produce a measurable signal (e.g., color change).
- The intensity of the signal corresponds to the BUN level.

11. Enzymatic Assay: - Enzymatic assays specifically target urea.
- They are more specific and accurate than chemical methods.
- Enzymes directly convert urea to ammonia, which is then quantified.
- Widely used in clinical laboratories.

12. Clinical Uses and interpretation Interpreting BUN Levels High BUN Levels: High BUN levels may indicate Kidney Dysfunction Dehydration Excessive Protein Breakdown

13. Clinical Uses and interpretation Low BUN Levels Low BUN Levels may indicate Liver Disease Malnutrition

14. Clinical Context Matters Age Sex Nutritional Status Hydration Exercise

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