Blood vessels of the heart

HEART BLOOD VESSELS

1. BLOOD VESSELS Sheeba Chacko 11nd Year Msc Nursing

2. 2 BLOOD VESSELS

3. Arteries - vessels that transport blood away from the heart Veins - return blood back to the heart Capillaries - microscopic blood vessels that allow exchanges between blood and tissues TYPES OF BLOOD VESSELS

4. Tunica externa (adventitia) - outermost layer made of loose connective tissue. Serves to anchor, protect and prevent overstretching Tunica media - middle layer composed of smooth muscle; functions in dilation and constriction of blood vessels Tunica interna ( intima ) - innermost layer made of endothelium ( s.squamous epithelium) STRUCTURE OF A BLOOD VESSEL

5. 1 . superior vena cava 2. inferior vena cava 3. pulmonary veins 4. pulmonary trunk (p. artery, Rt & Lt) 5. systemic aorta Great Vessels

6. SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION It includes the arteries and arteriols that carry oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to systemic capillaries and the veins and venules that return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.

7. All the systemic arteries branch from the aorta. All the systemic circulation drains in to superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinuses.

8. BRANCHES OF AORTA Ascending Aorta Arch of aorta Thoracic aorta Abdominal aorta

9. The portion of the aorta that emerge from left ventricle posterior to the pulmonary trunk which gives off two coronary artery that supply to the myocardium of the heart. ASCENDING AORTA

10. It is 5 cm in length It begins at the aortic valve and ends at the level of sternal angle where it becomes the arch of aorta. Conti….

11. The ascending aorta turns to the left forming the arch of aorta which descends and end at the level of the inter vertebral disc between the 4 th and 5 th thoracic vertebrae ARCH OF AORTA

12. ARCH OF AORTA

13. The section of the aorta lies between the arch of aorta and diaphrum THORACIC AORTA

14. Thoracic aorta

15. It is the continuation of the thoracic aorta. It begins at the level of the intervertibral disc below the 4 th and 5 th thoracic vertebrae At about the level of 4 th lumbar vertebrae the abdominal aorta divides in to Rt and Lt common iliac artery Abdominal aorta

16. Abdominal aorta

17. 22 Coronary arteries - VASAVASORUM arising from aortic sinuses of Valsalva of Ascending aorta Rt CA - from Rt aortic sinus (ant) Lt CA from Lt aortic sinus(left post) Post Aortic sinus - non coronary Max filling of sinuses - in diastole

18. 23 Rt Coronary Artery Passes to Rt & forwards b/w infundibulum of Rt ven & Rt auricle Runs downwards in ant AV groove Reaches inf margin of heart; winds around it to the diaph surface; runs in post AV groove Ends by anastomosing with circumflex br of LCA -60% Conus brs Ventricular brs AV nodal br

19. 24 Branches of Rt coronary Artery Rt conus artery- Annulus of Vieussens SA Nodal br – 60% Ant atrial branches Ant ventr branches Rt Marginal artery: (Largest br ) Post ventr branches Post IV br arises near CRUX – 70% br of RCA Post atrial branches AV Nodal artery – 80% Conus brs Ventricular brs AV nodal br

20. Conus brs Ventricular brs AV nodal br 25

21. 26 Lt Coronary Artery Origin: Lt Aortic sinus Passes behind infundibulum of Rt ventricle Length: 0 to 10mm Bifurcates into Ant IV branch (LAD) & Circumflex artery Conus brs Ventricular brs AV nodal br

22. 27 LAD (Ant IV) artery Continuation of LCA Extends beyond the apex, ends by anastamosing with post IV artery (br of RCA) Branches: Ant ventr brs: Diagonal arteries Lt Conus artery Septal branches Conus brs Ventricular brs AV nodal br

23. 28 Circumflex artery Runs in Ant AV groove and post AV groove Terminates by anastamosing with RCA near crux Branches: Atrial brs Ventr branches SA nodal (40% cases) Lt Marginal Post IV br (only 10% cases) Kugel ’ s artery AV nodal br (10-20%)

24. E. Systemic Circulation : venous drainage 1. superior vena cava drains a. azygos system b. right and left brachiocephalic veins c. internal jugular and subclavian vein d. external jugular and axillary e. cephalic vein (superficial) and brachial vein (deep) which drains radial, ulnar , median cubital and basilic veins

25. 2. Inferior vena cava drains a. hepatic vein b. phrenic vein c. paired renal veins d. paired gonadal veins

26. Paired common iliac veins which drain (1) paired internal iliac veins (2) paired external iliac veins which drain (a) femoral veins which drain 1. popliteal veins which drain a peroneal vein b anterior and posterior tibial veins (b) great saphenous veins

27. THANK YOU